The Keynesian School Of Thought, The Monetarist School And...

This paper will examine three theories regarding economic performance. The Keynesian School of thought, the Monetarist School and the Austrian Business Cycle has different views on how the economy can improve during recessions or other economic downturns. Each is relevant to economic issues during The Great Depression in the 1930’s to the Great Recession in late 2000’s. This paper will discuss the history behind each theory, the specific views on key points in each school of theory and why the founders felt strongly about utilizing those particular concepts. Views on market response and the role of government regarding each philosophy will be considered as well. The Keynesian School During the midst of The Great Depression, John Maynard†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The assumption of sticky prices is an essential underpinning of the IS-LM model†¦ as the theory of short-run fluctuations† (Ball Mankiw, 1994, para 2). When demand decreases because of a downturn in the stock market, for example, many businesses will either produce less of the product or stop selling it altogether. This in turn creates an imbalance between the price to make the product and the price to maintain employees who help make the product. Keynes’ economic theory focused on short-run alternatives. Aggregate demand or total spending was his main focus in regard to his general theory. Price level remains unchanged and real output grows rapidly creating an increase in aggregate demand; other things equal. Further declaring influence in aggregate demand, through economic intervention policies by the government, is the driving force for economic stimulation. In the 1930’s during the peak of The Great Depression the economy saw a decrease in demand because of rises in unemployment, GDP, and an alarming spike in inflation. Keynes purpose in focusing on the behavior of the economy through household and businesses versus the forces of free markets and individual and company behavior; was to prove that inducing aggregate demand could stabilize the economy from such horrid times. Keynes is known for stating â€Å"†¦in the long run, we are all dead† (Blinder, 2014). A large part of Keynes general theory lies onShow MoreRelatedThe Keynesian School Of Economic Thought1151 Words   |  5 Pages1) List three key concepts from the Keynesian School of economic thought: (25 points) At least one concept must describe the management of aggregate demand. a. The primary concept of the Keynesian School of economic thought revolved around the management of aggregate demand. The author of this idea, John Maynard Keynes, believed the economy was fundamentally unable to sustain itself at full employment. One of his proposed solutions to this was for the government to intervene to increase aggregateRead MoreThe Keynesian School Of Economic Thought1948 Words   |  8 Pagesgreat prosperity they have been recognized and titled as the Keynesian School of Economic Thought as this is a theory believing aggregate demand is influenced by public and private economic decisions. There is also the Monetarism School of Economic Thought which focuses on how the money supply has an effect on the economy and tries to have a stability in price level. A third theory also considered very important is the Austrian School of Economic Though as this theory is a believer of logical thinkingRead MoreGreat Depression7197 Words   |  29 Pageshave come and gone. Prosperity has always returned and will again.[10] The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April, though still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929.[11] Together, government and business actually spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the corresponding period of the previous year. But consumers, many of whom had suffered severe losses in the stock market the previous year, cut back their expenditures by ten percent, and a severeRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pageseconomic activity: The illusion of personal income growth beyond actual productivity may encourage consumption; housing investment may increase in anticipation of future price appreciation; business investment in plants and equipment may accelerate as prices rise more rapidly than costs; and personal, business, and government borrowers realize that loans will be repaid with money that has potentially less purchasing power. A greater concern is the growing pattern of chronic inflation characterizedRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pageseconomic activity: The illusion of personal income growth beyond actual productivity may encourage consumption; housing investment may increase in anticipation of future price appreciation; business investment in plants and equipment may accelerate as prices rise more rapidly than costs; and personal, business, and government borrowers realize that loans will be repaid with money that has potentially less purchasing power. A greater concern is the growing pattern of chronic inflation characterized

Nepali Music Free Essays

Nepal Music The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage,festivals or National events. Various songs, musical instruments and dances are connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. We will write a custom essay sample on Nepali Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral processions. The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and classical. There are a number of other genres that are yet to be cataloged. Fast Facts Traditional Nepali Music| Imported Music| Newari Music| Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music| Khas Music| Western MusicRock RollRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap| Gurung Music| | Kirant Music| | Tamang Music| | Magar Music| | Sherpa Music| | Maithili Music| | Bhojpuri Music| | Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The following music genres have their roots in Nepal and are therefore considered to be indigenous. This includes:- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is cherished by people of all walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas Music Khas music belongs to the Khas society where castes like Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the growing popularity of television, radio and other means of mass communication. The minstrels used to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. Latin music history Latin music  is the result of a complex social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus. Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a brief introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the entire world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to remember that the indigenous people of the New World had their own music. For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments were very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were made all over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to date intraditional Latin music  like South America’s Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New World Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Portuguese powers brought to the New World. Latin music is, in fact, defined to a large extend by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music from  Brazil, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the new land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments. Originally, these instruments were intended to recreate the music that was played in Europe. However, they soon became the ideal tools to express the feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The African slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does not touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music. However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how significant this influence is. Samba,  Salsa,  Merengue,  Bachata,  Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture about this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-American styles like R;B and Hip-Hop have defined the development of  Latin music genres  such asReggaeton  and Urban music. A Social Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned before created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin Pop  and  Rock en Espanol  have been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the cowboy way of life in the plains of  Colombia  and Venezuela have produced  Llanera  music. Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development of  Tango  in Argentina. Traditional Mexican music  was largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a serious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However, there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world. How to cite Nepali Music, Essay examples

Responsible factors for climate change

By definition, climate change is an average long-term shift in weather patterns that is manifested by altering in the contributing factors including precipitation, temperature and pressure among other indicators. Climate change can be a consequence of a modification in variability typified by extreme weather conditions, for example, erratic rainfalls that cause floods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible factors for climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The earth’s climate is synonymous to this variability, however, its long-term climatic state is harmonized by the energy balance â€Å"between the incoming and the outgoing energy† (Ewing, 2012). As such, any external factor (climate forcers) affecting this energy balance may lead to climate changes. Importantly, these factors occur in different time-periods. Hence, the factors that affected climate change centuries back may not be the ones standing currently. Climate forcers can be categorized into two groups including human and natural causes. In addition to the duo, there are other changes that happen internally within the climate system, affecting the climate either as short-lived or long-lived. These modifications may be attributed to the atmospheric circulations among others factors. Human beings contribute to climate change when they engage in burning of fossil fuel, deforestation activities notwithstanding. These effects have been aggravated further since the inception of the era of industrial revolution. As a consequence, the face of the land has been altered tremendously, and the atmosphere is filled with fumes dominated by carbon dioxide gas, one of the greenhouse gases. These changes constitute what we can consider ourselves ‘climate forcers,’ who are responsible for destabilizing the earth’s energy system. To this end, the overall effect on the earth’s atmosphere has bee n a warming effect. The cumulative effect of the gas emissions on the planet is called the greenhouse effect. This is the reason of the global warming, and as such, it is believed that it may lead to erratic weather patterns, consequently affecting both the social and economic activities of man.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from the human activities, natural factors are other elements responsible for climate change. Such activities as volcanicity and the Sun insolation are among the external factors central to climate change. These two basically fall within the timescale of the contemporary causes of climate change. The duo have a significant effect on the incoming energy, however, volcanicity has a short-lived effect on the climate change. The intensity of the Sun insolation has considerably increased since the inception of the industrial revolution. This has bee n estimated to have increased by ten folds, consequently affecting climate significantly. The internal elements within the climate that affect the climate change could be due to the emitted gases that stem from human activities. These gases, for example, CO2, can be classed as long-lived because they take a while before they are eliminated from the atmosphere. Conversely, the short-lived gases, for instance, methane, clear off the atmosphere very fast. Class aside, if remained unchecked, short-lived gases have a potential of causing adverse climate change. They are responsible for the greenhouse effect. The history of the climate trend Climate has been changing to the worst since the era that is called industrial revolution. On analyzing the trend of the world’s mean temperature dating back to the 19th century, one can underscore the fact that, indeed, the Earth is experiencing global warming. In the 1960s, though, there was a compelling evidence of a shifting trend where exp erts reported that the planet was cooling. Nevertheless, new findings stipulated that this was a brief interruption and the trend would assume the previous modification process in the 1970s. These findings elicited a serious debate among climatologists with some predicting a sustained cooling trend over time. To this end, they cited a phase of a sustained natural cycle or perhaps the elements of smog and dust particles that continue to fill the atmosphere due to the human activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible factors for climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those predicting otherwise believed that the effects of the greenhouse gas emissions would surpass those due to the concentration of particles in the atmosphere, and as such, global warming would resume. In a conclusion, the two opposing groups acknowledged the fact that their stands were just mare guesswork. In the meantime, ther e were advances in the climatology science. Nonetheless, in 1970s, the view that the warming would resume triumphed highlighting that the cooling was a brief interruption. With the turn of the century, the warming effect aggravated further as evident by the changing temperatures even at the depth of the ocean base. To scientists, this was a compelling evidence of a gross change in climate that had never been witnessed before. The specific pattern â€Å"of changes, revealed in objects ranging from ship logs to ice caps to tree rings, closely matched the predicted effects of greenhouse gas emissions† (Bredenberg, 2012). Ideally, one would wonder how meteorologists came up with the conclusion that the world was warming. Indeed, the journey to establishing of this fact was not an easy feat. Scientists had to deal with voluminous and uncertain data collected over a long period of time, and using different methods to come up with the conclusion. Among the pioneer groups of scientis ts who tried to establish this fact were the NASA and the Climate Research Unit (CRU), a British based group. In their research, they reached an almost similar answer that the planet’s average temperatures had raised by at least 0.50C in the past century. In the meantime, several other groups over the world were dedicated to measuring the weather patterns. Vitally, while some were engaging in careful, recording and securing of records in archives, the others were busy standardizing the instruments.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even with these data, no scientist would stake a claim that the world would warm in the future, especially with the 1940-70 dip as shown in below (fig. 1). With these findings, one is tempted to hold the thought that the current highs could be temporal. Current geopolitical response to climate change One may notice the ‘tug of war’ concerning the causes of climate change that continue to illicit mixed reactions among the science and anti-science zealots. On one hand, science holds the thought that the planet is experiencing global warming, and that the anti-science zealots are embedding efforts meant to stem this trend. On the other hand, the anti-scientists hold the view that global warming is not a consequence of the human activities, and that the scientists’ views are for selfish gains meant to transform the world’s economy. Surprisingly, the skeptics consider that even if the planet is warming, it is not a cause for alarm. Some critics of the scientif ic view base their argument on the alleged dishonesty amongst scientists. To this end, they cite the ‘Climategate Scandal’ as one of their evidences of scientists’ dishonesty. The details of the scandal, as revealed later, showed that someone had hacked into the server of the CRU and sent more than 1000 e-mails to people all over the world with a plot to falsify an average global temperature trend. This allegation was investigated by several agencies from both the US and the UK, revealing that the scientists were genuine in their findings. If not enough, skeptics find dishonesty in an e-mail that was written by Phil Jones to Micheal Mann, both from the CRU, disputing the latter’s chart as a ‘trick’ to mean that he was hiding a temperature decline (Ewing, 2008). However, in a bid to dilute skeptical views, scientists have a well established database in the blog, DeSmogBlog, of the individuals who are in dissent industry of global warming. Some critics hold the view that the idea of the man-engineered global warming emanates from neo-colonialism. As such, the idea is meant to shift focus of the development agenda from the developed economies to the third world economies. The opposing faction, however, believe that the skeptics’ view that global warming is not a man-made effect is a tactic to bar governments from interfering with their businesses (free-market). Free-market fundamentalists feel that governments are threatened by the fact that free-markets can resolve both the social and economic problems if given a freehand. Moreover, they tend to think that market fundamentalism has been a principal factor in determining the US’s public policy debates in the past three decades. If not enough, critics argue that most of these scientists holding the consensus view were cold-war research artillery, and that following the crumple of the Soviet Union, they sought solace in another global issue in the name of global warming to seek the world control. The response to climate change due to global warming is a universal issue defying commitments to the nations where the greenhouse gas emissions are more pronounced. This is owed to the fact that the greenhouse gases defuse rapidly and evenly over the world. To this end, the UN has been the platform, upon which responses to climate change has been addressed. Global bodies established under the UN umbrella, for instance, the Kyoto Protocol and the UNFCCC (United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change), have made massive steps in trying to reverse this change. Chiefly, international policies have been adopted globally at a national cum regional level, signaling a consolidated approach aimed at stemming this change. The objective of the UNFCCC (formed in 1990) was to stabilize the greenhouse gases by the turn of the 21st century. However, subsequent meetings prior to the 21st century led to the establishment of the Kyoto Protocol in the year 19 97. Its objective focused on the developed economies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% with their respective 1990 levels as a baseline. This had to be achieved by the year 2012. This was not an easy feat to achieve, and as such, it took three meetings for the stakeholders to reach the Marrakesh Accord, which outlined the processes that were to be followed to achieve the Kyoto Protocol (Nicole, 2004). Importantly, in order for the Kyoto Protocol to be a legally binding document, it had to be ratified by more than 55 nations. The Annex 1 nations had to make up the 55 nations ratifying the protocol in order to account for at least 55% of the total emissions of the 1990 levels. For political and economic reasons, the US chose not to ratify the Protocol even though its emissions accounted for more than 25% of the total greenhouse gas emissions emanating from the developed economies. One political reason that the US chose not to ratify the Protocol is that the treaty was pa rtial. To this, the US claims that the design of the treaty would leave out some economies known for their massive greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the US has been reluctant to ratify the Protocol for the reason that it would result in job losses by its citizens. Akin to the US, the Australian government temporarily failed to confirm the Protocol only to ratify it in 2007. Russia validated the Protocol after a while in the year 2004. The countries that were party to the treaty relied on three flexible means including Emission Trading, Joint Implementation (JI), and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to achieve the Kyoto Protocol. However, many investors hold a negative view over the JI and CDM mechanisms, citing too much bureaucracy involved in getting an approval. Vital remedies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions One of the remedies that governments ought to apply is the need to engage in the energy conservation practices. Economical utilization of energy goes all the way t o reducing the levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) a great deal. Designs meant for appliances at homes should aim at enhancing energy efficiencies. The state of California is a typical example of a region in the US that has taken its own initiative to engage in efficient utilization of energy. As such, striking research shows that between 1976 and 2005, this state has maintained its energy requirements at a fairly constant rate. This is opposed to the rest of the US, where the energy requirements had increased by 60%. Another striking revelation is that the total energy losses by the US economy surpass the total energy requirements of the Japanese economy. This shows that the Japanese machinery designs are energy-efficient. Economies should adopt sequestration models meant to capture CO2 instead of releasing it to the atmosphere (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2010). Another remedy that governments should adopt is the use of alternative sources of clean, renewable sources of energ y instead of using bio-fuels. Among the major contributors of GHGs is coal. This energy source is far less efficient in its utilization (30% efficient). Among the clean, renewable energy sources that fit the billing one could name solar and wind energy. These two can play a major role in curbing GHG emissions. Another alternative is the use of nuclear energy. However, it is risky since some nations might use it as an arsenal. Therefore, to use it, all nations should be honest. Urbanization is one of the ‘enemies’ of the GHG-free atmosphere. It comes with deforestation, a practice that is believed to deny the atmosphere – the ‘lungs’- which is meant to clear the CO2 from it. While urbanization and industrialization change the world’s face in the name of creating wealth, these two practices are suicidal to the atmosphere. They basically utilize the land, a limited resource, without replacing it, leaving the land bare and depriving it of its â₠¬Ëœlungs’. To curb this trend, afforestation practices ought to be given a global attention and enhance the GHG-free atmosphere. Transport industry and hence the gasoline industry are the ones that contribute immensely to the GHGs, globally. There is need for engineers to come up with the engine designs that are more sensitive to our environment. The designs should be a hybrid formation of gasoline/electric engines to limit on the gasoline requirements. This would go all the way to limiting the GHG emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, some economies have adopted safe utilization policies whereby transportation to public destinations/institutions has to be done using a bigger unit (a bus) as opposed to smaller and numerous units (cars). This would curtail the GHG emissions. Future solutions to climate change After adopting the energy-efficient designs as well as conservation strategies, the void left to suffice the energy requirements has to be met by the GHG-free renew able energy sources. This has to be provided by the wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. The use of the wind energy as a ‘green power’ has been among the buzzwords of the greenhouse-free atmosphere advocates. It is a renewable source of energy that can be converted to mechanical energy, and eventually electrical energy before it is utilized. Ideally, to generate electricity, the site where the plant is mounted should be favorably windy in order to drive the giant turbines for generating electricity. The energy generated from wind can be used in home appliances as well as to drive industrial machines. Engineers have come up with the efficient turbine designs that can achieve maximum output from the wind power. The solar energy is another source of ‘green power’. This energy is derived from ultraviolet rays that emanate from the Sun. Through different mechanisms, this energy can be converted to electrical energy or can be used directly to serve the people’s needs. To convert the solar energy to electrical energy, one applies a photovoltaic cell. However, the efficiency of the solar energy is dependent on the insolation received per day. The maximum insolation got in a region is influenced by the latitude and the season of the same. To this end, the regions falling within the equator zone receive maximum insolation at midday. Moreover, one can use larger panels in regions that experience limited insolation to meet his/her needs. Directly, one may use the solar energy for heating and lighting. This is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels since it is clean and renewable. The hydroelectric power is a ‘green power’ that may help in mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions. This energy is derived from water that drives a turbine to generate power. However, this energy is limited to regions that have no waterfalls. Nonetheless, they generate enough electricity that can be supplied to a far place. The en ergy received from this source can be used domestically as well as for driving industrial machines. Biomass is another source of energy, an alternative to fossil fuel though it is not a GHG-free source of energy. Recently, in such economies like Brazil, the use of biodiesel is slowly becoming popular. Akin to biomass, we do have fuel cells, which are powered by coal to generate electricity. Finally, the geothermal power accounts for another source of ‘green power.’ This form of energy is limited to regions that are endowed with hot springs. As such, this form of energy is not common. Nonetheless, the energy derived from this source can be converted to electricity to find application both domestically and in industries. References Bredenberg, A. (2011). The Climate Change Controversy – What’s It Really About? Green and Clean Journal, 2(3), 3-7. Ewing, R. (2008). Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute. Nicole, N. (2004). United States Problems with the Kyoto Treaty. New York, NY: New York University Press. U.S. Department of Transportation. (2010). Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson Learning. This essay on Responsible factors for climate change was written and submitted by user Am1ra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

25 Pick Up Lines From Movies

25 Pick Up Lines From Movies At the outset, lets make it clear to all men reading this article: pick up lines usually dont help land you a date. In most cases, you will only end up offending the woman you wish to woo. If you try a funny pick up line, you run the risk of the joke falling flat. A nerdy one may never make the mark, especially if the woman does not understand your jargon. A clever pick up line may not cut ice if the woman does not like Mr. Smarty Pants. Some men believe that flattery can help them win a date. While women love to be showered with attention, they can easily see through fake flattery. Often such pick up lines become juicy tidbits for women to share among their girlfriends over cocktails. What Makes Pick Up Lines Fun? Pick up lines could be great starting points for conversation. It can help break the ice, but it does not guarantee you a date. For instance, a woman was approached by a man with a pick up line, â€Å"Well, here I am, what are your other two wishes?† Now, this line did not work its magic on her. She quipped, â€Å"I wish that you’d buy your drink and then disappear.† The man realized that she was not interested and walked away with dignity. Who Should Not Use Pick Up Lines? If you lack the confidence to approach a woman, dont use pick up lines. They will repel  women. If you are shy and find it tough to meet new people you should refrain from pick up lines too. Pick up lines work if you exude confidence and an aura of sexiness. Are you a charming, debonair man with a magnetic personality? If yes, you can try using pick up lines. Of course, if you were to approach an equally confident and bold woman, she will quite likely snub your overtures. Pick up lines with sexual undertones usually put off women who view men as predators who are only looking for sex. So dont try to pick women with cheesy lines like, â€Å"If youre feeling down, I can feel you up.† Lines like that wont earn you a date, but will surely earn you a slap! Think of pick up lines as a part of a mating ritual. After all, it’s a delicate dance, where both the man and the woman need to be attracted to each other. What Women Really Think About Pick Up Lines Women who are looking for a lifetime partner are usually not impressed by pick up lines. Some women find pick up lines amusing if not flattering, but most women prefer to start a conversation with a simple, Hi, I am Tom! or something similar. What Men Think About Women Using Pick Up Lines Should women use pick up lines? Do men like to be approached with a pick up line? Maybe this is going out on a limb here, but most men would probably love it if women approached them with pick up lines. The bold, seductive woman gets maximum attention. Pick up lines could be cheesy, corny or funny. Men would enjoy a sporting woman who has the confidence to approach men for a date. Of course, needless to say, the woman should also exude confidence. Her sex appeal would win her brownie points. Pick Up Lines From Movies Here are some seductive, pick up lines from movies. These pick up lines are great conversation starters. If you are a movie buff and you want to woo someone who shares your interest, use a pick up line from this collection. Whats more, you can use these lines on Valentine’s Day to express your love to your girlfriend or wife. Clark Gable, Gone with the WindYou need kissing badly. Thats whats wrong with you. You should be kissed often, and by someone who knows how. Will Smith, HitchNow on the one hand, its very difficult for a man to even speak to someone who looks like you. But on the other hand, should that be your problem? George Clooney, Intolerable CrueltyYour husband had told me you were the most beautiful woman hed ever met. I didnt expect the most beautiful woman Id ever met. John Cusack, The Sure ThingHow would you like to have a sexual encounter so intense, it could conceivably change your political views? Ralph Fiennes, The English PatientSwoon - Ill catch you. Owen Wilson, Wedding CrashersYou know how they say we only use ten percent of our brains? I think we only use ten percent of our hearts. Jimmy Stewart, You Cant Take It with YouI hear voices, too. Voices that say, If you dont kiss her soon, youre a chump. John Gilbert, Flesh and the DevilYou know... when you blow out the match... thats an invitation to kiss you? Bradley Cooper,  The HangoverMaam in the leopard dress... you have an amazing rack. Ingrid Bergman, CasablancaIs that canon fire, or is it my heart pounding? Ryan Gosling, The NotebookI want you. I want all of you. Forever. You and me. Every day. Steve Carell, AnchormanI would like to extend to you an invitation to the pants party. Brad Pitt, Thelma and LouiseI may be an outlaw, darling. But youre the one stealing my heart. Mike Myers, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged MeLets hop on the good foot and do the bad thing. Natalie Portman, No Strings AttachedYou give me premature ventricular contractions. You make my heart skip a beat. Sean Connery, You Only Live TwiceNow whats a nice girl like you doing in a place like this? Tom Cruise, Vanilla SkySee, Ive got this little problem. Ive got a stalker... I need a cover. I need for you to pretend were having a scintillating conversation, and you are wildly entertained. Sam Rockwell, The Hitchhikers Guide to the GalaxyWanna see my spaceship? Will Ferrell, AnchormanI dont know how to put this, but... Im kind of a big deal. Matthew Perry, Fools Rush InYou are everything I never knew I always wanted. Steve Martin, My Blue HeavenYou know, its dangerous for you to be here in the frozen foods section - because you could melt all this stuff. Nicolas Cage, Leaving Las VegasI really wish youd come home with me. Youre so cute, and Im really good in bed, too, believe me. Jack Nicholson, As Good As It GetsYou make me want to be a better man. Jack Lemmon, The ApartmentI used to live like Robinson and Crusoe, shipwrecked among eight million people. But one day I saw a footprint in the sand and there you were. Gerard Butler, PS I Love YouI know what I want, because I have it in my hands right now. You.

Degrees of Freedom in Statistics and Mathematics

Degrees of Freedom in Statistics and Mathematics In statistics, the degrees of freedom are used to define the number of independent quantities that can be assigned to a statistical distribution. This number typically refers to a positive whole number that indicates the lack of restrictions on a persons ability to calculate missing factors from statistical problems. Degrees of freedom act as variables in the final calculation of a statistic and are used to determine the outcome of different scenarios in a system, and in math degrees of freedom define the number of dimensions in a domain that is needed to determine the full vector. To illustrate the concept of a degree of freedom, we will look at a basic calculation concerning the sample mean, and to find the mean of a list of data, we add all of the data and divide by the total number of values. An Illustration with a Sample Mean For a moment suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25 and that the values in this set are 20, 10, 50, and one unknown number. The formula for a sample mean gives us the equation (20 10 50 x)/4 25, where x denotes the unknown, using some basic algebra, one can then determine that the missing number,  x, is equal to 20. Lets alter this scenario slightly. Again we suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25. However, this time the values in the data set are 20, 10, and two unknown values. These unknowns could be different, so we use two different variables, x, and y,  to denote this. The resulting equation is (20 10 x y)/4 25. With some algebra, we obtain y 70- x. The formula is written in this form to show that once we choose a value for x, the value for y is completely determined. We have one choice to make, and this shows that there is one degree of freedom. Now well look at a sample size of one hundred. If we know that the mean of this sample data is 20, but do not know the values of any of the data, then there are 99 degrees of freedom. All values must add up to a total of 20 x 100 2000. Once we have the values of 99 elements in the data set, then the last one has been determined. Student t-score and Chi-Square Distribution Degrees of freedom play an important role when using the Student t-score table. There are actually several t-score distributions. We differentiate between these distributions by use of degrees of freedom. Here the probability distribution that we use depends upon the size of our sample. If our sample size is n, then the number of degrees of freedom is n-1. For instance, a sample size of 22 would require us to use the row of the t-score table with 21 degrees of freedom. The use of a chi-square distribution also requires the use of degrees of freedom. Here, in an identical manner as with the t-score  distribution, the sample size determines which distribution to use. If the sample size is n, then there are n-1 degrees of freedom. Standard Deviation and Advanced Techniques Another place where degrees of freedom show up is in the formula for the standard deviation. This occurrence is not as overt, but we can see it if we know where to look. To find a standard deviation we are looking for the average deviation from the mean. However, after subtracting the mean from each data value and squaring the differences, we end up dividing by n-1 rather than n as we might expect. The presence of the n-1 comes from the number of degrees of freedom. Since the n data values and the sample mean are being used in the formula, there are n-1 degrees of freedom. More advanced statistical techniques use more complicated ways of counting the degrees of freedom. When calculating the test statistic for two means with independent samples of n1 and n2 elements, the number of degrees of freedom has quite a complicated formula. It can be estimated by using the smaller of n1-1 and n2-1 Another example of a different way to count the degrees of freedom comes with an F test. In conducting an F test we have k samples each of size n- the degrees of freedom in the numerator is k-1 and in the denominator is k(n-1).

Language and heteronormativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language and heteronormativity - Essay Example What naturally can be derived from this is that the stereotyped images of women are simply the â€Å"approved typifications† of our society, which are even considered as appropriate and positive. While other information and communication channels like television news or films have within them a strong parallel stream of thought trying to break free from these stereotypical images, in advertising, they are rare. This could be a phenomenon that can be attributed to the fact that at any cost, an advertiser cannot afford to fail because he/she has a product to sell. Hence conforming to society's stereotypes becomes a necessity rather than chance. The advertisement that is being discussed in this essay is the television commercial of Era laundry detergent.( http://youtu.be/Leey5GZe-Ws ). This advertisement has many layers of gender stereotyping within it and the most evident one is the broad association of laundry washing with female gender (Era laundry detergent). This is an age o ld stereotype in itself. Human culture in different civilisations has been adamently sticking to the notion that it is the job of women to wash laundry and hence all detergent advertisements show women doing the laundry in a domestic ambience. The first frame of the advertisement, in which a woman is seen standing near a washing machine in the wash area of the house, has already made the suggestion that the place of a woman is in such an ambiance (Era laundry detergent). Goffman has called visuals (photographs and television videos, especially), the â€Å"a community's ritual idiom something like what a written text is for students of its spoken language† (27). When the woman starts talking, the viewer comes to know that she is not washing her clothes alone but her husband's shirt also (Era laundry detergent). What she says is that she is able to clean even the tough stains on her husband's shirt using this detergent (Era laundry detergent). The visuals that follow are expect ed by the makers of this film to be funny and meaningful, as the viewer sees the woman shown in the beginning of the advertisement, doing household chores like toasting bread and disposing kitchen waste, as if she is the heroine of an action movie (Era laundry detergent). Along with these visuals, the viewers listen to her telling that she is busy, and she is tough and the implied meaning here is also that she enjoys her domestic work, she is proud of the way she manages it and also she has no complaints about life (Era laundry detergent). The punchline of this advertisement in the end is â€Å"tough detergent for tough moms† (Era laundry detergent). This statement asserts that the woman the viewer sees in this commercial has only one single identity- the identity of a mom (Era laundry detergent). It is as if she is born to become a mom and nothing else. Yet, the mention about the husband's shirt in the beginning of the commercial also implies that she is also a wife and when she hands over a packet of lunch to her daughter who seems to be leaving for school, the mother image is reinforced (Era laundry detergent). In this manner, this commercial limits a woman's identity to just being a wife and a mother (Era laundry detergent). The clothes of the husband shown in the commercial are white. Everyone knows that keeping white clothes clean and spotless is the most difficult laundry task. Everybody also know that because of this, a

HRM Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HRM Practice - Essay Example This kind of behavior not only posed a threat to the reputation of the company but the unregulated stream of affairs also affected the children in a negative way. Motivation theories state that different factors affect why people go to work and their performance and efficiency is determined by these factors. These could be fulfillment of physiological, security, relationship, self esteem or self actualization needs according to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. Other motivational factors would include Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence according to Victor Vrooms theory of motivation. Absence of these factors of motivation could easily lead to low performance and efficiency. Absenteeism would have been a problem if employees were assigned fixed days but since the job demanded a fixed number of hours therefore employees preferred to report to the institution but work with a lax attitude. The low performance levels at social service could also be directly linked to the job characteristic model. Workers should be enthusiastic about the job they perform. They should have a certain level of intrinsic motivation which is related to the skill variety, task identity and task significance. Feedback from a job and consequences and results of workers activity also result in work effectiveness. Absence of these would decrease performance. It could be clearly observed that most of the motivational factors were absent from the job. The workers or the employees were not receiving any direct monetary compensation from the job and were ignorant about its true purpose; the betterment of the society. Thus they could not relate to the real intention of the job. There was a pressure to attend but there was no regulator of the quality of work. There was absolutely no job related instrumentality of social work as there were no identifiable outcomes in form of promotions or