Land Use in Pinchot Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Land Use in Pinchot - Lab Report Example brought about an abatement in the number of inhabitants in the predator/prey biological system while the half and 75% fracture made an increasingly mutilated appropriation of the species. This shows the speculation ought to be acknowledged. It was seen that expanding fracture is straightforwardly relative to the expansion in plenitude of the Spiny Firegrass (SFG) and Elk populace. The wolf and bluebunch wheatflower (BBWF) populace stayed consistent at 0% and 25% fracture and radically dropped at half and 75% discontinuity. The expansion of the BBWF, elk and wolf made a progressively adjusted environment in the 0%, 25% and half discontinuity as influenced by the chain of command of the species in the trophic level (Moorecroft, n.d.). The expanding discontinuity caused the expansion in the wealth of the SFG on account of the expanded measure of direct daylight achieved by deforestation. The natural surroundings has gotten progressively ideal for the SFG, while horrible for the wolf and BBWF which take sanctuary and assurance from the woods. Lindsey (2007) underlined that deforestation legitimately makes the species relying upon the backwoods helpless; and for this situation, it will be the wolves and BBWF. The wolves can be viewed as the cornerstone species in the Pinchot biological system in light of the fact that the outcomes acquired from the 75% fracture made a trophic course on the grounds that there was few the more elevated level predator that will have the option to control the quantity of the elks in the environment (Moorecroft, n.d.). The perceptions assembled shows that the biological system is a top-down control of populace elements. Deforestation and never-ending suburbia directly affects the food web in light of the fact that these two exercises jeopardize the more significant level predator, causing a trophic course in the biological system (Moorecroft, n.d.). Deforestation gives a superior environment to the expansion of SFG, and endless suburbia drives away the wolves that live in the forested areas, causing the increment in the elk populace, and thus exhausting the

6 Things to Know When Picking a Family Reunion Location

6 Things to Know When Picking a Family Reunion Location The perfect family get-together site is one which is available and moderate for most of the individuals you need to join in. Its a spot where everybody can be agreeable and partake in their time together. While picking an area for your family gathering, there are some significant interesting points. Separation Will the family gathering be only one day, a whole end of the week, or an entire week? On the off chance that youre arranging a short get-together, a great many people most likely wont be as ready to make a trip significant distances to join in. Select an area near a greater part of relatives - perhaps a local park, a relatives home, or a neighborhood lodging or café. Longer social occasions, particularly extraordinary one-time reunions, may warrant an increasingly detailed area, for example, a voyage, man farm, or family resort. Accommodation How far will visitors need to head out to get to your gathering area? In the event that various them should go via air, consider holding your family get-together in a region helpful to a significant air terminal. An area that is available and simple to discover implies that more individuals will probably join in. Availability Do you have individuals with constrained versatility going to your get-together? Old family members in wheelchairs or little youngsters in buggies? Ensure that the area you pick will serenely oblige everybody who will join in. Kids need sheltered, managed regions in which to play, and seniors will invite open to seating and close by bathrooms. Reasonableness Cost - including rental charges, food, and stopping expenses - is a noteworthy factor for most family gatherings. Ensure that the area you pick fits into your financial plan, just as that of your family members. Numerous offices offer gathering limits and bundle bargains for family get-togethers. Housing On the off chance that your get-together is held in a setting that doesnt incorporate for the time being facilities, ensure that an adequate number of moderate rooms in neighborhood homes and inns are accessible close by. Highlights and Activities What attractions and exercises does the get-together site and close by zone give? Recreational exercises, for example, sailing, swimming, golf, and outdoors can be fun when joined into a family gathering. Individuals going to from outside the zone may appreciate an area with close by exhibition halls, memorable locales, entertainment meccas, sports offices, and different attractions. Discover an area that makes your get-together to a lesser extent a gathering and to a greater degree a goal. While picking your area, make certain to get some information about offices, for example, stopping, bathrooms and, for outside reunions, choices if there should be an occurrence of downpour. To help with the legwork, dont be hesitant to utilize neighborhood travel agencies and offices of trade. Since they like to carry individuals to their region, they are typically glad to assist you with area thoughts, housing and feasting postings, and entertainment and touring openings.

The Adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaids Tale are Better Than the Books

The Adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are Better Than the Books This is a guest post from Michelle Hart. Michelle received her M.F.A. from Rutgers University-Newark, where she currently teaches Writing Composition and Contemporary American Literature. In the second episode of Amazon’s I Love Dick, Chris (Kathryn Hahn) asks Devon, the woman fixing Chris’s fridge who is herself an aspiring artist, whether she’s ever heard of Maya Deren. When Devon says she hasn’t, Chris, frantically, says, “She’s supposed to be the most important female filmmaker, and, you know, to beâ€"God’s honest truthâ€"I think she’s boring as shit. It’s like impenetrable.” Chris Kraus’s “novel,” I Love Dick, is considered a seminal book by a female artist. Undoubtedly, it’s an incisive exploration of female desire and female ambition. But it works better as a philosophical treatise or an essay than it does a novel. What hampers it as a form of entertainment is also what makes the book unique: its epistolary nature. That it’s written as a series of letters, broken up by the occasional bits of connective narrative tissue, allows Kraus to expound, stream-of-consciously, the difficulties of being a female artist, of being a woman with a voracious desire both for sex and for experience. The novel is essentially a 200-page essay. God’s honest truth? It’s impenetrable. Amazon’s adaptation of the novel, helmed by Jill Soloway, externalizes the ideas present in the novel and is thus more successful, ultimately, in living up to the novel’s ambitions. This is certainly due in large part to Kathryn Hahn, whose frequent oscillation between mania and considered thoughtfulness animate Chris’s personality in a way the novel never quite could. But even on a scene level, the immediacy of television allows the audience to really see the effects Dick (Kevin Bacon) has on Chris and her husband Sylvere. The second episode of the show opens with a wild sex scene, one that mixes fantasy and reality, reveling and indulging in the characters’ ecstasy. Kraus’s novel is an intellectual tour-de-force of female desire; Soloway’s adaptation is a visceral one. While Kraus seeks to tell the story of her mind, Soloway seeks to tell the story of Chris’s body. In the book, Chris observes and tells; in the show, Chris does. Also in the aforementioned conversation with Devon, Chris admits that she prefers Spielberg and Scorsese to Deren. There’s something to be said for story-driven work, works that take big ideas and allow them to breathe in the context of narratives. This is also why, contrary to popular belief, Hulu’s adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale succeeds over its source material. In Atwood’s novel, Offred mostly observes. She is a witness, a fly on the wall. Of course this maybe one of its points: that women are confined to watching their lives, discouraged from being active participants in those lives. And some of the best scenes in Hulu’s adaptation involve Offred (Elizabeth Moss) receiving information about her new nightmarish world. Yet, because of the conventions of a story-driven medium like television, Moss’s Offred must not only receive but must also transmit. Because these books have become television series, their narratives have grown to include more charactersâ€"not just more bodies, but more personalities. Both novels feel to some degree myopic; they include only one woman’s view of the world. The television series I Love Dick devotes an entire episode to the desires of other women. It’s no coincidence that both stories have been expanded to include queer women. In stories about female desire, thwarted or otherwise, the presence of queer women is essentialâ€"not just as concepts but as flesh-and-blood characters. Atwood’s novel feels like an idea in much the same way Kraus’s novel feels like an idea. And to be clear, they are both astounding ideas. Kraus’s book is so indelible because it dares to show women’s creative and sexual ambitions in both flattering and unflattering light. Atwood’s conception of America as a world built by and for female oppression is particularly astute given what the political landscape in 2017 looks like. No doubt, I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are books anchored by incredible ideas. But the television adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are anchored by incredible stories.

Ticketing for Small Amounts of Marijuana in Canada

The Conservative government is considering making legal changes the allow police to, instead of laying charges, issue ticket to those caught with tiny amounts of marijuana. However, these legal changes should not be interpreted as either a legalization or decriminalization of marijuana. Rather they should be interpreted as additional enforcement measures that, should they need them, are available to police officers. Likewise, there is good reason to believe that this novel ‘ticketing system’ would only apply to simple possession of 30 grams or less of marijuana. Additionally, these tickets would function similarly to those administered for speeding, outlining a fine or presenting a court option, also people who decide to go with the court option have the ability to represent themselves or have legal counsel. However, even if the government appears to be softening up when it comes to the legalities surrounding marijuana possession, it had not long ago passed legislation that toughened laws regarding marijuana possession with the purpose of trafficking, such as in the case of the 2012 Safe Streets and Communities Act. Furthermore, some, like the NORML Women’s Alliance of Canada, say that the purposed ‘ticketing system’ does not go far enough and is only â€Å"a halfway measure.† There are two legal issues related to this news article. Should the federal government simply decriminalize marijuana and does the current criminalization of marijuana hold any basis in ensuring public

The Keynesian School Of Thought, The Monetarist School And...

This paper will examine three theories regarding economic performance. The Keynesian School of thought, the Monetarist School and the Austrian Business Cycle has different views on how the economy can improve during recessions or other economic downturns. Each is relevant to economic issues during The Great Depression in the 1930’s to the Great Recession in late 2000’s. This paper will discuss the history behind each theory, the specific views on key points in each school of theory and why the founders felt strongly about utilizing those particular concepts. Views on market response and the role of government regarding each philosophy will be considered as well. The Keynesian School During the midst of The Great Depression, John Maynard†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The assumption of sticky prices is an essential underpinning of the IS-LM model†¦ as the theory of short-run fluctuations† (Ball Mankiw, 1994, para 2). When demand decreases because of a downturn in the stock market, for example, many businesses will either produce less of the product or stop selling it altogether. This in turn creates an imbalance between the price to make the product and the price to maintain employees who help make the product. Keynes’ economic theory focused on short-run alternatives. Aggregate demand or total spending was his main focus in regard to his general theory. Price level remains unchanged and real output grows rapidly creating an increase in aggregate demand; other things equal. Further declaring influence in aggregate demand, through economic intervention policies by the government, is the driving force for economic stimulation. In the 1930’s during the peak of The Great Depression the economy saw a decrease in demand because of rises in unemployment, GDP, and an alarming spike in inflation. Keynes purpose in focusing on the behavior of the economy through household and businesses versus the forces of free markets and individual and company behavior; was to prove that inducing aggregate demand could stabilize the economy from such horrid times. Keynes is known for stating â€Å"†¦in the long run, we are all dead† (Blinder, 2014). A large part of Keynes general theory lies onShow MoreRelatedThe Keynesian School Of Economic Thought1151 Words   |  5 Pages1) List three key concepts from the Keynesian School of economic thought: (25 points) At least one concept must describe the management of aggregate demand. a. The primary concept of the Keynesian School of economic thought revolved around the management of aggregate demand. The author of this idea, John Maynard Keynes, believed the economy was fundamentally unable to sustain itself at full employment. One of his proposed solutions to this was for the government to intervene to increase aggregateRead MoreThe Keynesian School Of Economic Thought1948 Words   |  8 Pagesgreat prosperity they have been recognized and titled as the Keynesian School of Economic Thought as this is a theory believing aggregate demand is influenced by public and private economic decisions. There is also the Monetarism School of Economic Thought which focuses on how the money supply has an effect on the economy and tries to have a stability in price level. A third theory also considered very important is the Austrian School of Economic Though as this theory is a believer of logical thinkingRead MoreGreat Depression7197 Words   |  29 Pageshave come and gone. Prosperity has always returned and will again.[10] The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April, though still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929.[11] Together, government and business actually spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the corresponding period of the previous year. But consumers, many of whom had suffered severe losses in the stock market the previous year, cut back their expenditures by ten percent, and a severeRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pageseconomic activity: The illusion of personal income growth beyond actual productivity may encourage consumption; housing investment may increase in anticipation of future price appreciation; business investment in plants and equipment may accelerate as prices rise more rapidly than costs; and personal, business, and government borrowers realize that loans will be repaid with money that has potentially less purchasing power. A greater concern is the growing pattern of chronic inflation characterizedRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pageseconomic activity: The illusion of personal income growth beyond actual productivity may encourage consumption; housing investment may increase in anticipation of future price appreciation; business investment in plants and equipment may accelerate as prices rise more rapidly than costs; and personal, business, and government borrowers realize that loans will be repaid with money that has potentially less purchasing power. A greater concern is the growing pattern of chronic inflation characterized

Nepali Music Free Essays

Nepal Music The rhythm, beats, bounce of Nepali traditional folk and classical music is spiritual enough to sooth you and entertaining enough to cheer you. Music is associated with every event in Nepal, then be it birth, marriage,festivals or National events. Various songs, musical instruments and dances are connected with various religious, social and cultural life of the Nepalese. We will write a custom essay sample on Nepali Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Music is the heartbeat of Nepal. Music is associated to every event of life, then be it festivals, feasts, marriage, birth ceremonies or funeral processions. The main genres of Nepali music are pop, rock, folk, and classical. There are a number of other genres that are yet to be cataloged. Fast Facts Traditional Nepali Music| Imported Music| Newari Music| Indian MusicBhajanFilmi music| Khas Music| Western MusicRock RollRockMetalLatinoPunkHip-HopRap| Gurung Music| | Kirant Music| | Tamang Music| | Magar Music| | Sherpa Music| | Maithili Music| | Bhojpuri Music| | Popular Indigenous Nepalese Music The following music genres have their roots in Nepal and are therefore considered to be indigenous. This includes:- Newari Music The Newars are well-known for their Newari music. It mainly consists of percussion instruments, some wind instruments and no string instruments. All the castes have their musical tunes and bands. Music is cherished by people of all walks of life. There are tunes of certain festivals and seasons and even of certain times of day. The God of artists called Nasadya is found in all the Newar localities. The presence of a Newari musical band in a guthi is considered as a sign of opulence. Khas Music Khas music belongs to the Khas society where castes like Damai used to play a number of instruments on occasions such as marriages, birth and other feasts. This tradition is now on decline owing to the growing popularity of television, radio and other means of mass communication. The minstrels used to play instruments like Sarangi but even the Gaine are declining in number. Latin music history Latin music  is the result of a complex social and historical process that took place in the Americas after the arrival of Columbus. Despite the traumatic experience, Latin music is one of the positive outcomes that came from that process. The following is a brief introduction to Latin music history that takes a look at the cultural mix and social environment that ended up producing one of the best music genres in the entire world. Indigenous Music Generally speaking, Latin music history starts with the cultural encounter that occurred after the arrival of Columbus. However, it is important to remember that the indigenous people of the New World had their own music. For instance, the Maya culture gave great attention to music producing all kinds of percussion and wind instruments. Wind instruments were very popular among Pre-Columbian cultures. All kinds of flutes were made all over the American continent and fortunately, this original expression has persisted to date intraditional Latin music  like South America’s Andean music. The Arrival of Europeans to The New World Language was the first contribution that the Spanish and Portuguese powers brought to the New World. Latin music is, in fact, defined to a large extend by the Spanish and Portuguese languages. While Portuguese came to define the music from  Brazil, Spanish language defined the rest of Latin America. The second contribution that Europeans brought to the new land was their music. In fact, when the Spanish conquerors arrived to the American continent their homeland had rich musical expressions that included traditions from both the European and the Arab worlds. Along with their music, Europeans also brought their instruments. Originally, these instruments were intended to recreate the music that was played in Europe. However, they soon became the ideal tools to express the feelings of the new inhabitants that were defining the roots of Latin America. The African Influence The African slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history. That influence, of course, does not touch all the rhythms and styles that belong to Latin music. However, if we just take a look at the music that has come from Brazil and the Caribbean, then we know how significant this influence is. Samba,  Salsa,  Merengue,  Bachata,  Timba, and many more, are just some of the rhythms that have been shaped by African beats. The full picture about this influence includes also African-American music. In particular, the development of Jazz had a tremendous impact in the making of Latin music rhythms such as Mambo,Bossa Nova, and Latin Jazz. More recently, African-American styles like R;B and Hip-Hop have defined the development of  Latin music genres  such asReggaeton  and Urban music. A Social Phenomenon The encounter of the three cultures mentioned before created the dynamic social environment that has shaped Latin music since the colonial times. This environment has been nurtured by foreign sounds, regional traditions, class divisions, and even national identities. Latin Pop  and  Rock en Espanol  have been shaped by the foreign sounds of Rock, Alternative and Pop music. Regional traditions like the cowboy way of life in the plains of  Colombia  and Venezuela have produced  Llanera  music. Social conditions, especially those created by immigration and class divisions, are behind the development of  Tango  in Argentina. Traditional Mexican music  was largely defined by a feeling of national identity that was incorporated into Mariachi music after the Mexican Revolution. Considering all this, a serious study of Latin music history is definitely an overwhelming task. However, there is no other way to deal with it. Latin music is a complex phenomenon that reflects the complex history of Latin America, a mixed region whose social environment has forged some of the most beautiful sounds in the world. How to cite Nepali Music, Essay examples

Responsible factors for climate change

By definition, climate change is an average long-term shift in weather patterns that is manifested by altering in the contributing factors including precipitation, temperature and pressure among other indicators. Climate change can be a consequence of a modification in variability typified by extreme weather conditions, for example, erratic rainfalls that cause floods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible factors for climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The earth’s climate is synonymous to this variability, however, its long-term climatic state is harmonized by the energy balance â€Å"between the incoming and the outgoing energy† (Ewing, 2012). As such, any external factor (climate forcers) affecting this energy balance may lead to climate changes. Importantly, these factors occur in different time-periods. Hence, the factors that affected climate change centuries back may not be the ones standing currently. Climate forcers can be categorized into two groups including human and natural causes. In addition to the duo, there are other changes that happen internally within the climate system, affecting the climate either as short-lived or long-lived. These modifications may be attributed to the atmospheric circulations among others factors. Human beings contribute to climate change when they engage in burning of fossil fuel, deforestation activities notwithstanding. These effects have been aggravated further since the inception of the era of industrial revolution. As a consequence, the face of the land has been altered tremendously, and the atmosphere is filled with fumes dominated by carbon dioxide gas, one of the greenhouse gases. These changes constitute what we can consider ourselves ‘climate forcers,’ who are responsible for destabilizing the earth’s energy system. To this end, the overall effect on the earth’s atmosphere has bee n a warming effect. The cumulative effect of the gas emissions on the planet is called the greenhouse effect. This is the reason of the global warming, and as such, it is believed that it may lead to erratic weather patterns, consequently affecting both the social and economic activities of man.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from the human activities, natural factors are other elements responsible for climate change. Such activities as volcanicity and the Sun insolation are among the external factors central to climate change. These two basically fall within the timescale of the contemporary causes of climate change. The duo have a significant effect on the incoming energy, however, volcanicity has a short-lived effect on the climate change. The intensity of the Sun insolation has considerably increased since the inception of the industrial revolution. This has bee n estimated to have increased by ten folds, consequently affecting climate significantly. The internal elements within the climate that affect the climate change could be due to the emitted gases that stem from human activities. These gases, for example, CO2, can be classed as long-lived because they take a while before they are eliminated from the atmosphere. Conversely, the short-lived gases, for instance, methane, clear off the atmosphere very fast. Class aside, if remained unchecked, short-lived gases have a potential of causing adverse climate change. They are responsible for the greenhouse effect. The history of the climate trend Climate has been changing to the worst since the era that is called industrial revolution. On analyzing the trend of the world’s mean temperature dating back to the 19th century, one can underscore the fact that, indeed, the Earth is experiencing global warming. In the 1960s, though, there was a compelling evidence of a shifting trend where exp erts reported that the planet was cooling. Nevertheless, new findings stipulated that this was a brief interruption and the trend would assume the previous modification process in the 1970s. These findings elicited a serious debate among climatologists with some predicting a sustained cooling trend over time. To this end, they cited a phase of a sustained natural cycle or perhaps the elements of smog and dust particles that continue to fill the atmosphere due to the human activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible factors for climate change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those predicting otherwise believed that the effects of the greenhouse gas emissions would surpass those due to the concentration of particles in the atmosphere, and as such, global warming would resume. In a conclusion, the two opposing groups acknowledged the fact that their stands were just mare guesswork. In the meantime, ther e were advances in the climatology science. Nonetheless, in 1970s, the view that the warming would resume triumphed highlighting that the cooling was a brief interruption. With the turn of the century, the warming effect aggravated further as evident by the changing temperatures even at the depth of the ocean base. To scientists, this was a compelling evidence of a gross change in climate that had never been witnessed before. The specific pattern â€Å"of changes, revealed in objects ranging from ship logs to ice caps to tree rings, closely matched the predicted effects of greenhouse gas emissions† (Bredenberg, 2012). Ideally, one would wonder how meteorologists came up with the conclusion that the world was warming. Indeed, the journey to establishing of this fact was not an easy feat. Scientists had to deal with voluminous and uncertain data collected over a long period of time, and using different methods to come up with the conclusion. Among the pioneer groups of scientis ts who tried to establish this fact were the NASA and the Climate Research Unit (CRU), a British based group. In their research, they reached an almost similar answer that the planet’s average temperatures had raised by at least 0.50C in the past century. In the meantime, several other groups over the world were dedicated to measuring the weather patterns. Vitally, while some were engaging in careful, recording and securing of records in archives, the others were busy standardizing the instruments.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even with these data, no scientist would stake a claim that the world would warm in the future, especially with the 1940-70 dip as shown in below (fig. 1). With these findings, one is tempted to hold the thought that the current highs could be temporal. Current geopolitical response to climate change One may notice the ‘tug of war’ concerning the causes of climate change that continue to illicit mixed reactions among the science and anti-science zealots. On one hand, science holds the thought that the planet is experiencing global warming, and that the anti-science zealots are embedding efforts meant to stem this trend. On the other hand, the anti-scientists hold the view that global warming is not a consequence of the human activities, and that the scientists’ views are for selfish gains meant to transform the world’s economy. Surprisingly, the skeptics consider that even if the planet is warming, it is not a cause for alarm. Some critics of the scientif ic view base their argument on the alleged dishonesty amongst scientists. To this end, they cite the ‘Climategate Scandal’ as one of their evidences of scientists’ dishonesty. The details of the scandal, as revealed later, showed that someone had hacked into the server of the CRU and sent more than 1000 e-mails to people all over the world with a plot to falsify an average global temperature trend. This allegation was investigated by several agencies from both the US and the UK, revealing that the scientists were genuine in their findings. If not enough, skeptics find dishonesty in an e-mail that was written by Phil Jones to Micheal Mann, both from the CRU, disputing the latter’s chart as a ‘trick’ to mean that he was hiding a temperature decline (Ewing, 2008). However, in a bid to dilute skeptical views, scientists have a well established database in the blog, DeSmogBlog, of the individuals who are in dissent industry of global warming. Some critics hold the view that the idea of the man-engineered global warming emanates from neo-colonialism. As such, the idea is meant to shift focus of the development agenda from the developed economies to the third world economies. The opposing faction, however, believe that the skeptics’ view that global warming is not a man-made effect is a tactic to bar governments from interfering with their businesses (free-market). Free-market fundamentalists feel that governments are threatened by the fact that free-markets can resolve both the social and economic problems if given a freehand. Moreover, they tend to think that market fundamentalism has been a principal factor in determining the US’s public policy debates in the past three decades. If not enough, critics argue that most of these scientists holding the consensus view were cold-war research artillery, and that following the crumple of the Soviet Union, they sought solace in another global issue in the name of global warming to seek the world control. The response to climate change due to global warming is a universal issue defying commitments to the nations where the greenhouse gas emissions are more pronounced. This is owed to the fact that the greenhouse gases defuse rapidly and evenly over the world. To this end, the UN has been the platform, upon which responses to climate change has been addressed. Global bodies established under the UN umbrella, for instance, the Kyoto Protocol and the UNFCCC (United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change), have made massive steps in trying to reverse this change. Chiefly, international policies have been adopted globally at a national cum regional level, signaling a consolidated approach aimed at stemming this change. The objective of the UNFCCC (formed in 1990) was to stabilize the greenhouse gases by the turn of the 21st century. However, subsequent meetings prior to the 21st century led to the establishment of the Kyoto Protocol in the year 19 97. Its objective focused on the developed economies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% with their respective 1990 levels as a baseline. This had to be achieved by the year 2012. This was not an easy feat to achieve, and as such, it took three meetings for the stakeholders to reach the Marrakesh Accord, which outlined the processes that were to be followed to achieve the Kyoto Protocol (Nicole, 2004). Importantly, in order for the Kyoto Protocol to be a legally binding document, it had to be ratified by more than 55 nations. The Annex 1 nations had to make up the 55 nations ratifying the protocol in order to account for at least 55% of the total emissions of the 1990 levels. For political and economic reasons, the US chose not to ratify the Protocol even though its emissions accounted for more than 25% of the total greenhouse gas emissions emanating from the developed economies. One political reason that the US chose not to ratify the Protocol is that the treaty was pa rtial. To this, the US claims that the design of the treaty would leave out some economies known for their massive greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the US has been reluctant to ratify the Protocol for the reason that it would result in job losses by its citizens. Akin to the US, the Australian government temporarily failed to confirm the Protocol only to ratify it in 2007. Russia validated the Protocol after a while in the year 2004. The countries that were party to the treaty relied on three flexible means including Emission Trading, Joint Implementation (JI), and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to achieve the Kyoto Protocol. However, many investors hold a negative view over the JI and CDM mechanisms, citing too much bureaucracy involved in getting an approval. Vital remedies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions One of the remedies that governments ought to apply is the need to engage in the energy conservation practices. Economical utilization of energy goes all the way t o reducing the levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) a great deal. Designs meant for appliances at homes should aim at enhancing energy efficiencies. The state of California is a typical example of a region in the US that has taken its own initiative to engage in efficient utilization of energy. As such, striking research shows that between 1976 and 2005, this state has maintained its energy requirements at a fairly constant rate. This is opposed to the rest of the US, where the energy requirements had increased by 60%. Another striking revelation is that the total energy losses by the US economy surpass the total energy requirements of the Japanese economy. This shows that the Japanese machinery designs are energy-efficient. Economies should adopt sequestration models meant to capture CO2 instead of releasing it to the atmosphere (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2010). Another remedy that governments should adopt is the use of alternative sources of clean, renewable sources of energ y instead of using bio-fuels. Among the major contributors of GHGs is coal. This energy source is far less efficient in its utilization (30% efficient). Among the clean, renewable energy sources that fit the billing one could name solar and wind energy. These two can play a major role in curbing GHG emissions. Another alternative is the use of nuclear energy. However, it is risky since some nations might use it as an arsenal. Therefore, to use it, all nations should be honest. Urbanization is one of the ‘enemies’ of the GHG-free atmosphere. It comes with deforestation, a practice that is believed to deny the atmosphere – the ‘lungs’- which is meant to clear the CO2 from it. While urbanization and industrialization change the world’s face in the name of creating wealth, these two practices are suicidal to the atmosphere. They basically utilize the land, a limited resource, without replacing it, leaving the land bare and depriving it of its â₠¬Ëœlungs’. To curb this trend, afforestation practices ought to be given a global attention and enhance the GHG-free atmosphere. Transport industry and hence the gasoline industry are the ones that contribute immensely to the GHGs, globally. There is need for engineers to come up with the engine designs that are more sensitive to our environment. The designs should be a hybrid formation of gasoline/electric engines to limit on the gasoline requirements. This would go all the way to limiting the GHG emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, some economies have adopted safe utilization policies whereby transportation to public destinations/institutions has to be done using a bigger unit (a bus) as opposed to smaller and numerous units (cars). This would curtail the GHG emissions. Future solutions to climate change After adopting the energy-efficient designs as well as conservation strategies, the void left to suffice the energy requirements has to be met by the GHG-free renew able energy sources. This has to be provided by the wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. The use of the wind energy as a ‘green power’ has been among the buzzwords of the greenhouse-free atmosphere advocates. It is a renewable source of energy that can be converted to mechanical energy, and eventually electrical energy before it is utilized. Ideally, to generate electricity, the site where the plant is mounted should be favorably windy in order to drive the giant turbines for generating electricity. The energy generated from wind can be used in home appliances as well as to drive industrial machines. Engineers have come up with the efficient turbine designs that can achieve maximum output from the wind power. The solar energy is another source of ‘green power’. This energy is derived from ultraviolet rays that emanate from the Sun. Through different mechanisms, this energy can be converted to electrical energy or can be used directly to serve the people’s needs. To convert the solar energy to electrical energy, one applies a photovoltaic cell. However, the efficiency of the solar energy is dependent on the insolation received per day. The maximum insolation got in a region is influenced by the latitude and the season of the same. To this end, the regions falling within the equator zone receive maximum insolation at midday. Moreover, one can use larger panels in regions that experience limited insolation to meet his/her needs. Directly, one may use the solar energy for heating and lighting. This is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels since it is clean and renewable. The hydroelectric power is a ‘green power’ that may help in mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions. This energy is derived from water that drives a turbine to generate power. However, this energy is limited to regions that have no waterfalls. Nonetheless, they generate enough electricity that can be supplied to a far place. The en ergy received from this source can be used domestically as well as for driving industrial machines. Biomass is another source of energy, an alternative to fossil fuel though it is not a GHG-free source of energy. Recently, in such economies like Brazil, the use of biodiesel is slowly becoming popular. Akin to biomass, we do have fuel cells, which are powered by coal to generate electricity. Finally, the geothermal power accounts for another source of ‘green power.’ This form of energy is limited to regions that are endowed with hot springs. As such, this form of energy is not common. Nonetheless, the energy derived from this source can be converted to electricity to find application both domestically and in industries. References Bredenberg, A. (2011). The Climate Change Controversy – What’s It Really About? Green and Clean Journal, 2(3), 3-7. Ewing, R. (2008). Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute. Nicole, N. (2004). United States Problems with the Kyoto Treaty. New York, NY: New York University Press. U.S. Department of Transportation. (2010). Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson Learning. This essay on Responsible factors for climate change was written and submitted by user Am1ra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

25 Pick Up Lines From Movies

25 Pick Up Lines From Movies At the outset, lets make it clear to all men reading this article: pick up lines usually dont help land you a date. In most cases, you will only end up offending the woman you wish to woo. If you try a funny pick up line, you run the risk of the joke falling flat. A nerdy one may never make the mark, especially if the woman does not understand your jargon. A clever pick up line may not cut ice if the woman does not like Mr. Smarty Pants. Some men believe that flattery can help them win a date. While women love to be showered with attention, they can easily see through fake flattery. Often such pick up lines become juicy tidbits for women to share among their girlfriends over cocktails. What Makes Pick Up Lines Fun? Pick up lines could be great starting points for conversation. It can help break the ice, but it does not guarantee you a date. For instance, a woman was approached by a man with a pick up line, â€Å"Well, here I am, what are your other two wishes?† Now, this line did not work its magic on her. She quipped, â€Å"I wish that you’d buy your drink and then disappear.† The man realized that she was not interested and walked away with dignity. Who Should Not Use Pick Up Lines? If you lack the confidence to approach a woman, dont use pick up lines. They will repel  women. If you are shy and find it tough to meet new people you should refrain from pick up lines too. Pick up lines work if you exude confidence and an aura of sexiness. Are you a charming, debonair man with a magnetic personality? If yes, you can try using pick up lines. Of course, if you were to approach an equally confident and bold woman, she will quite likely snub your overtures. Pick up lines with sexual undertones usually put off women who view men as predators who are only looking for sex. So dont try to pick women with cheesy lines like, â€Å"If youre feeling down, I can feel you up.† Lines like that wont earn you a date, but will surely earn you a slap! Think of pick up lines as a part of a mating ritual. After all, it’s a delicate dance, where both the man and the woman need to be attracted to each other. What Women Really Think About Pick Up Lines Women who are looking for a lifetime partner are usually not impressed by pick up lines. Some women find pick up lines amusing if not flattering, but most women prefer to start a conversation with a simple, Hi, I am Tom! or something similar. What Men Think About Women Using Pick Up Lines Should women use pick up lines? Do men like to be approached with a pick up line? Maybe this is going out on a limb here, but most men would probably love it if women approached them with pick up lines. The bold, seductive woman gets maximum attention. Pick up lines could be cheesy, corny or funny. Men would enjoy a sporting woman who has the confidence to approach men for a date. Of course, needless to say, the woman should also exude confidence. Her sex appeal would win her brownie points. Pick Up Lines From Movies Here are some seductive, pick up lines from movies. These pick up lines are great conversation starters. If you are a movie buff and you want to woo someone who shares your interest, use a pick up line from this collection. Whats more, you can use these lines on Valentine’s Day to express your love to your girlfriend or wife. Clark Gable, Gone with the WindYou need kissing badly. Thats whats wrong with you. You should be kissed often, and by someone who knows how. Will Smith, HitchNow on the one hand, its very difficult for a man to even speak to someone who looks like you. But on the other hand, should that be your problem? George Clooney, Intolerable CrueltyYour husband had told me you were the most beautiful woman hed ever met. I didnt expect the most beautiful woman Id ever met. John Cusack, The Sure ThingHow would you like to have a sexual encounter so intense, it could conceivably change your political views? Ralph Fiennes, The English PatientSwoon - Ill catch you. Owen Wilson, Wedding CrashersYou know how they say we only use ten percent of our brains? I think we only use ten percent of our hearts. Jimmy Stewart, You Cant Take It with YouI hear voices, too. Voices that say, If you dont kiss her soon, youre a chump. John Gilbert, Flesh and the DevilYou know... when you blow out the match... thats an invitation to kiss you? Bradley Cooper,  The HangoverMaam in the leopard dress... you have an amazing rack. Ingrid Bergman, CasablancaIs that canon fire, or is it my heart pounding? Ryan Gosling, The NotebookI want you. I want all of you. Forever. You and me. Every day. Steve Carell, AnchormanI would like to extend to you an invitation to the pants party. Brad Pitt, Thelma and LouiseI may be an outlaw, darling. But youre the one stealing my heart. Mike Myers, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged MeLets hop on the good foot and do the bad thing. Natalie Portman, No Strings AttachedYou give me premature ventricular contractions. You make my heart skip a beat. Sean Connery, You Only Live TwiceNow whats a nice girl like you doing in a place like this? Tom Cruise, Vanilla SkySee, Ive got this little problem. Ive got a stalker... I need a cover. I need for you to pretend were having a scintillating conversation, and you are wildly entertained. Sam Rockwell, The Hitchhikers Guide to the GalaxyWanna see my spaceship? Will Ferrell, AnchormanI dont know how to put this, but... Im kind of a big deal. Matthew Perry, Fools Rush InYou are everything I never knew I always wanted. Steve Martin, My Blue HeavenYou know, its dangerous for you to be here in the frozen foods section - because you could melt all this stuff. Nicolas Cage, Leaving Las VegasI really wish youd come home with me. Youre so cute, and Im really good in bed, too, believe me. Jack Nicholson, As Good As It GetsYou make me want to be a better man. Jack Lemmon, The ApartmentI used to live like Robinson and Crusoe, shipwrecked among eight million people. But one day I saw a footprint in the sand and there you were. Gerard Butler, PS I Love YouI know what I want, because I have it in my hands right now. You.

Degrees of Freedom in Statistics and Mathematics

Degrees of Freedom in Statistics and Mathematics In statistics, the degrees of freedom are used to define the number of independent quantities that can be assigned to a statistical distribution. This number typically refers to a positive whole number that indicates the lack of restrictions on a persons ability to calculate missing factors from statistical problems. Degrees of freedom act as variables in the final calculation of a statistic and are used to determine the outcome of different scenarios in a system, and in math degrees of freedom define the number of dimensions in a domain that is needed to determine the full vector. To illustrate the concept of a degree of freedom, we will look at a basic calculation concerning the sample mean, and to find the mean of a list of data, we add all of the data and divide by the total number of values. An Illustration with a Sample Mean For a moment suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25 and that the values in this set are 20, 10, 50, and one unknown number. The formula for a sample mean gives us the equation (20 10 50 x)/4 25, where x denotes the unknown, using some basic algebra, one can then determine that the missing number,  x, is equal to 20. Lets alter this scenario slightly. Again we suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25. However, this time the values in the data set are 20, 10, and two unknown values. These unknowns could be different, so we use two different variables, x, and y,  to denote this. The resulting equation is (20 10 x y)/4 25. With some algebra, we obtain y 70- x. The formula is written in this form to show that once we choose a value for x, the value for y is completely determined. We have one choice to make, and this shows that there is one degree of freedom. Now well look at a sample size of one hundred. If we know that the mean of this sample data is 20, but do not know the values of any of the data, then there are 99 degrees of freedom. All values must add up to a total of 20 x 100 2000. Once we have the values of 99 elements in the data set, then the last one has been determined. Student t-score and Chi-Square Distribution Degrees of freedom play an important role when using the Student t-score table. There are actually several t-score distributions. We differentiate between these distributions by use of degrees of freedom. Here the probability distribution that we use depends upon the size of our sample. If our sample size is n, then the number of degrees of freedom is n-1. For instance, a sample size of 22 would require us to use the row of the t-score table with 21 degrees of freedom. The use of a chi-square distribution also requires the use of degrees of freedom. Here, in an identical manner as with the t-score  distribution, the sample size determines which distribution to use. If the sample size is n, then there are n-1 degrees of freedom. Standard Deviation and Advanced Techniques Another place where degrees of freedom show up is in the formula for the standard deviation. This occurrence is not as overt, but we can see it if we know where to look. To find a standard deviation we are looking for the average deviation from the mean. However, after subtracting the mean from each data value and squaring the differences, we end up dividing by n-1 rather than n as we might expect. The presence of the n-1 comes from the number of degrees of freedom. Since the n data values and the sample mean are being used in the formula, there are n-1 degrees of freedom. More advanced statistical techniques use more complicated ways of counting the degrees of freedom. When calculating the test statistic for two means with independent samples of n1 and n2 elements, the number of degrees of freedom has quite a complicated formula. It can be estimated by using the smaller of n1-1 and n2-1 Another example of a different way to count the degrees of freedom comes with an F test. In conducting an F test we have k samples each of size n- the degrees of freedom in the numerator is k-1 and in the denominator is k(n-1).

Language and heteronormativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language and heteronormativity - Essay Example What naturally can be derived from this is that the stereotyped images of women are simply the â€Å"approved typifications† of our society, which are even considered as appropriate and positive. While other information and communication channels like television news or films have within them a strong parallel stream of thought trying to break free from these stereotypical images, in advertising, they are rare. This could be a phenomenon that can be attributed to the fact that at any cost, an advertiser cannot afford to fail because he/she has a product to sell. Hence conforming to society's stereotypes becomes a necessity rather than chance. The advertisement that is being discussed in this essay is the television commercial of Era laundry detergent.( http://youtu.be/Leey5GZe-Ws ). This advertisement has many layers of gender stereotyping within it and the most evident one is the broad association of laundry washing with female gender (Era laundry detergent). This is an age o ld stereotype in itself. Human culture in different civilisations has been adamently sticking to the notion that it is the job of women to wash laundry and hence all detergent advertisements show women doing the laundry in a domestic ambience. The first frame of the advertisement, in which a woman is seen standing near a washing machine in the wash area of the house, has already made the suggestion that the place of a woman is in such an ambiance (Era laundry detergent). Goffman has called visuals (photographs and television videos, especially), the â€Å"a community's ritual idiom something like what a written text is for students of its spoken language† (27). When the woman starts talking, the viewer comes to know that she is not washing her clothes alone but her husband's shirt also (Era laundry detergent). What she says is that she is able to clean even the tough stains on her husband's shirt using this detergent (Era laundry detergent). The visuals that follow are expect ed by the makers of this film to be funny and meaningful, as the viewer sees the woman shown in the beginning of the advertisement, doing household chores like toasting bread and disposing kitchen waste, as if she is the heroine of an action movie (Era laundry detergent). Along with these visuals, the viewers listen to her telling that she is busy, and she is tough and the implied meaning here is also that she enjoys her domestic work, she is proud of the way she manages it and also she has no complaints about life (Era laundry detergent). The punchline of this advertisement in the end is â€Å"tough detergent for tough moms† (Era laundry detergent). This statement asserts that the woman the viewer sees in this commercial has only one single identity- the identity of a mom (Era laundry detergent). It is as if she is born to become a mom and nothing else. Yet, the mention about the husband's shirt in the beginning of the commercial also implies that she is also a wife and when she hands over a packet of lunch to her daughter who seems to be leaving for school, the mother image is reinforced (Era laundry detergent). In this manner, this commercial limits a woman's identity to just being a wife and a mother (Era laundry detergent). The clothes of the husband shown in the commercial are white. Everyone knows that keeping white clothes clean and spotless is the most difficult laundry task. Everybody also know that because of this, a

HRM Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HRM Practice - Essay Example This kind of behavior not only posed a threat to the reputation of the company but the unregulated stream of affairs also affected the children in a negative way. Motivation theories state that different factors affect why people go to work and their performance and efficiency is determined by these factors. These could be fulfillment of physiological, security, relationship, self esteem or self actualization needs according to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. Other motivational factors would include Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence according to Victor Vrooms theory of motivation. Absence of these factors of motivation could easily lead to low performance and efficiency. Absenteeism would have been a problem if employees were assigned fixed days but since the job demanded a fixed number of hours therefore employees preferred to report to the institution but work with a lax attitude. The low performance levels at social service could also be directly linked to the job characteristic model. Workers should be enthusiastic about the job they perform. They should have a certain level of intrinsic motivation which is related to the skill variety, task identity and task significance. Feedback from a job and consequences and results of workers activity also result in work effectiveness. Absence of these would decrease performance. It could be clearly observed that most of the motivational factors were absent from the job. The workers or the employees were not receiving any direct monetary compensation from the job and were ignorant about its true purpose; the betterment of the society. Thus they could not relate to the real intention of the job. There was a pressure to attend but there was no regulator of the quality of work. There was absolutely no job related instrumentality of social work as there were no identifiable outcomes in form of promotions or

Restrictions of Society in The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin

Edna Pontellier’s Struggle for Freedom in The Awakening by Kate Chopin In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, the constant boundaries and restrictions placed on Edna Pontellier by society will lead to her struggle for freedom and her ultimate suicide. Her husband Leonce Pontellier, the current women of society, and the Grand Isle make it evident that Edna is trapped in a patriarchal society. Despite these people, Edna has a need to be free and she is able to escape from the society that she despises. The sea, Robert Lebrun, and Mademoiselle Reisz serve as Edna’s outlets from conformity. â€Å"Edna's journey for personal independence involves finding the words to express herself. She commits suicide rather than sacrificing her independent, individual existence as social conventions demand of her† (Ewell 153). There are constant boundaries and restrictions imposed on Edna Pontellier that initiate Edna’s struggle for freedom. Edna is a young Creole wife and mother in a high-class society. The novel unfolds the life of a woman who feels dissatisfied and restrained by the expectations of society. Leonce Pontellier, her husband is declared â€Å"†¦the best husband in the world† (Chopin 6). Edna is forced to admit that she knew of none better. Edna married Leonce because he courted her earnestly and her father was opposed to her marriage to a Catholic. â€Å"Edna felt that her marriage would anchor her to the conventional standards of society and end her infatuation† (Skaggs 30). She is fond of Leonce, but he does not incite passionate feelings. Edna represents women in the past that were suppressed. These women weren't allowed to give their opinions and were often seen as objects, which explains the way her husband never really saw Edna as his wife, but more as a mate rial possession. â€Å"You are burnt beyond recognition, he added, looking at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered great damage† (Chopin 2). In this society, men viewed their wives as an object, and she receives only the same respect as a possession. Edna did not respect her husband as the other women did. While he talked to her, Edna was overcome with sleep and answered him with little half utterances. â€Å"Leonce thought it very discouraging that his wife, who was the sole object of his existence, evinced so little interest in things which concerned him, and valued so litt... ...e interest of ending the monotony she lives with as a result of her being confined into her aristocratic society. Throughout the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, Edna seeks independence from society. Her series of awakenings are mostly about achieving this goal. The sea, Robert Lebrun, and Mademoiselle Reisz are her awakenings. In the end, Edna's freedom takes place in death. This is the choice that social convention allows her. Edna cannot have anything she desires in this world, and therefore removed herself from it in a final â€Å"awakening† of her soul. Her thoughts as she walks into the sea comment profoundly on the identity problems that women face: "She thought of Leonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (Chopin 152). Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. New York: Bantam Books, 1992. Dyer, Joyce. â€Å"Symbolism and Imagery in The Awakening†. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Ed. Emily Toth. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. 126-130. Ewell, Barbara C. Kate Chopin. New York: The Ungar Publishing Company, 1986. Skaggs, Peggy. Kate Chopin. Boston: Twane Publishers, 1985.

Beijing bicycle

Juxtaposition is used to frame the main ideas in Xiaoshuai's Beijing Bicycle meaning the bicycle of a seven teen year old, was its original name in Chinese when it was titled â€Å"Beijing Bicycle† later. Juxtaposition is being used by Xiahoshuai to make the audience recognize the main idea's of this film. The main ideas of this film was conflict between Urban and Rural culture, clash of traditional with the contemporary, and how China is beginning to develop into a modern society. Guei and Jian are characters in this film and are used to represent conflicts between rban and rural culture.Background scenes are also used to contrast modern and old China and how it is being changed. Chinese ancient alley ways are seen in many parts of the movie. Because these alley ways have been there for a long time, it is considered as an ancient pathway. The houses which can also be seen are built in the old time and the architecture is old fashioned. Construction sites can also be seen at t he start of the movie, down below we can see the ancient alley ways and cars passing by. This shows how China is beginning to change into a new country where everything is developed.Ancient alley ways can also symbolize how China is turning into a developed country, since these designs are starting to disappear. When Guei and Jian are running away they run through these ancient alley ways and meet up each time, this proves how ancient alley ways might be overwhelmed by the modernization of China and disappearing slowly. Guei comes from the country side and Jian is from the city. 2 characters with totally different cultural background are being used to contrast urban and rural life. However they both have one thing in common, which is the importance of the bike to them.To Guei the bicycle represents his lively hood and his Job; he protects the bike with all his strength. The bicycle symbolizes pride, status to Jian; he hides the bike because he may feel guilt and does not want to sho w it. Guei as a country boy is amazed at the view of Beijing; however he gets bullied by Jian's friends and cannot protect himself or the bicycle. His characteristics changed at the last scene where he used the rock to hit the person who was wrecking his bike, like Jian hit his ex-girlfriends new boyfriend. This may symbolize how Guei is slowly adapting to the city.Jian is a dynamic character in this film; at the beginning he seems ignorant and when his bicycle was stolen his friends always backed him up. However as the story progresses we can see some change happening when he introduces himself go Guei. At the end scene when they were being chased, Jian tells Guei to get away from him and when they both reach at a dead end â€Å"Get out of here† Jian says that to Guei because he doesn't want to get him in trouble. This symbolizes friendship and Jian's character development because he is trying to protect Guei and doesn't want him to get beaten.This may portray how China is c hanging into a different country where it cares about its surroundings, Just like Jian's character develops into a person who can fght for himself and cares about Guei. Xiaoshuai's main idea of the film was to show how China is beginning to develop into a modern city and becoming more independent. His use of Juxtaposition China and how traditional China is moving towards modern China. As China is becoming developed so as the people in China no matter where that person is from he/she is participating in this huge change.

The Prevalence Of Mental Illness - 1348 Words

Mental illness is increasingly being recognized as a challenge faced by many Canadians. The Mental Health Strategy for Canada estimates that ‘in any given year, one in five people in Canada experiences a mental health problem or illness’. (Bartram et al., 2012) The prevalence of mental illness is not exclusive to the Canadian population and it is estimated that these figures are rising. In 2004, the World Health Organization ranked major depression as third in terms of the overall burden of diseases in the world, (measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years) and it is predicted to rise to second by 2030. (Langlois et al., 2011) One of the greatest concerns is that many in need of mental health services are not receiving treatment. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the onset of mental illness and gender differences are evident in terms of prevalence and causation. Gender specific mental health services should be incorporated into the Canadian school system to promote mental health among adolescents, identify those who require individualized services and reduce the stigma associated with mental illness. The Mental Health Commission of Canada estimates ‘up to 70% of young adults living with mental health problems report that the symptoms started in childhood.’ (Bartram et al., 2012) In a study that investigated the incidence and prevalence of depression among adolescents, it was determined that ‘by age 21, the lifetime prevalence of at least one episode of depression wasShow MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Mental Illness1182 Words   |  5 Pagesbomber in warfare. This phrase could also be applied to mental illness, as many illnesses such as anorexia have frighteningly high mortality rates but often go undetected or undiagnosed for extended periods of time. 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CCHS-MH is an adaptation of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostics. They had a sample of 25, 113 individuals who went through a computer assisted personal interviewer. Their participants were at least 15 years old. In the context of gender, this study states that the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder was higher in womenRead MoreTragedy of Tormented Teenagers: Mental Illness Hits One in Four1429 Words   |  6 PagesMany young Australians suffer from mental illness and are exposed to serious risk of harm. It is found that more tha n one in four teenagers suffer a mental illness and most are not identified or treated (Mcdougall, 2013). Mental illness is the largest risk factor that causes suicidal behaviour and serious psychological distress in young people (Australian Government, 2013). According to Mcdougall (2013), the life expectancy for people with mental illness is 15 to 20 year lower than other AustraliansRead MoreDepression Is A Highly Prevalent Mental Disorder With Estimates1690 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is a highly prevalent mental disorder with estimates indicating that it affects up to 6.7 percent of the United States population age eighteen and older in a given year for Major Depression and 1.5 percent for Persistent Depressive Disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders is the greatest among those who are ages 16 to 24 years of age (ADAA, 2016). The prevalence of youth with mood disorders is 11%, with nearly 50% of youth aged 8 to 15 did not receive mental health services in the previousR ead MoreThe Importance Of Mental Disorders In The Prison System1288 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition, persons with mental disorders are clearly overrepresented in the prison system, when compared to rates of persons in the community with mental disorders, studies found â€Å"that prevalence estimates were three to 12 times higher than in community samples, reaching as high as 64%,† (Prins, S. J., 2014, p. 862) with â€Å"prevalence† being defined as the commonness or occurrence of a mental disorder. The reasoning behind this skewed representation has continually puzzled researchers and led to

Time by Allen Curnow - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 563 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Poem Essay Did you like this example? TIME Allen Curnow Allen Curnow is New Zealands most important poet. He believed in living literature. He once said, You cant write literature, you  cant paint art. First published in 1977, ‘Time’ reflects nature and life in New Zealand. Some of his poetry tried to explore ‘the private and unanswerable. ’ This is one such poem.. Here Time speaks for itself. Thus the poem is times autobiography. The first four stanzas contain random images of time, and time is everywhere. In the first stanza, time is  in the northwest monsoon blowing through the pine forests. It is dynamic like the racing water, and static like the unused rails on which trains do not run. It is also static like the mileage written on boards that have yellowed with time. Thus time keeps others moving towards their destinations, although  static itself in the form of a mileage board. In the second stanza, Time is the dust which fills the atmosphere. It is like lupins that grow a long the beach to stop erosion. It is the sums taught by a sole teacher of a rural school, where there is only one class and one teacher, and perhaps one time. It is like the cows about to yield milk and the song of the magpie. The third stanza marks the beginning of work in a clean office  and its hustle and bustle. The smell emanating from the machines at work, indicate time in full swing. Time is compared to a place in the park where lovers meet. In the fourth stanza, time is the timeless music enjoyed by children over the years, or perhaps a familiar refrain that bring back memories of a bygone time. It is the echo of familiar noises in the ear. Even the sawmill represents  time’s activity, and the time conscious driver applies the second gear in a bid to hurry. In the fifth stanza, Curnow compares the first four stanzas to mist. The phrase ‘my mountainous’ is a metaphor and ‘like a mist’ is a simile. All the images in the first four st anzas are like a huge fabric of mist that wraps a mountain, which cannot be contained but melt away like the mist. It cannot be measured or contained. In the 6th stanza, Time lives in our memory, packing into its tiny spaces events of bygone years. It is sharper than our very being. In the final stanza, Curnow presents all aspects of New Zealand life, island, sea, father, farm and friend. All these things work to time. The final line, ‘I am, you have heard it, the Beginning and the End’ seems to encompass an almost Godlike status of Time. It is a bibilical reference to the ‘Alpha and the Omega’ in the Book of Revelations. Although the poem is in the first person, the poet goes back into the past when he speaks of ‘recurrent music’ and ‘willing memory’. I also think he is referring to the future when he says ‘ and the end’ in the final line of the poem. Time is presented as omnipresent. The stanzas which are prese nted in rhyming triplets, are unusual and rich in alliterations. Time is a force, it is all  pervasive and continuous.. In conclusion, we are left to imagine that time can represent whatever each individual desires it to represent. Perhaps Curnow is trying to explore ‘the private and unanswerable’. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Time by Allen Curnow" essay for you Create order

The Necklace Short Story - 889 Words

How one reacts to the truth tells a lot about the person. Do they fight the truth? Do they hide from it? Or do they accept the truth and do the best they can with their situation? The quote â€Å"We dont get to choose what is true. We only get to choose what we do about it.† from Kami Garcia states that when presented with a challenge or an inconvenient truth, one cannot change the circumstances given, but they do have a choice in how they react to the truth. In addition, no one way of handling truth is right or wrong and everyone will react differently to a situation. Nevertheless, there are better and worse ways of handling it. A example of someone poorly handing the truth can be found within the short story â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de†¦show more content†¦Though denial is a common way of dealing with the truth, more often than not, people tend to deal with a negative truth by grieving it. This can be found within Luigi Pirandello’s short story †Å"War†. Throughout â€Å"War† many characters were shown dealing with grief in many different ways. Each character was grieving due to the fact their children were being sent away to fight in the front lines of war. From denial, sadness, to acceptance it was all shown, each character handling the sadness of their children being sent away differently. However, one character stands out from the rest, the fat, red faced man who tells the other characters â€Å"Everyone should stop crying; everyone should laugh, as I do...or at least thank God—as I do—because my son, before dying, sent me a message saying that he was dying satisfied at having ended his life in the best way he could have wished.† This man does something unproductive; he tells the other passengers how to deal with their grief and as stated before there is no one correct way of dealing with grief and no two people will handle it the same. Although grief is not the most productive way of h anding the truth, given the character’s situation within â€Å"War†, grief lets them come to terms with the truth and accept it eventually. While accepting the truth can be often be helpful, occasionally fighting the truth and challenging what stands in one’s way can oftenShow MoreRelatedThe Necklace Short Story1468 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The necklace† was written in French and published in a French newspaper in 1884. Maupassant wrote the short story about a young married women, who is a fantasist, certain that she should be living a complete different lifestyle. Regardless of the period it was written, portrays Matilde as being a jealous egotist who lives her life through self-delusion and self-pity which are all timeless and universal themes. The presentation of women is very particular, if you weren’t a rich women you wouldn’tRead MoreThe Necklace Short Story897 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant re sonates the theme of humility and serves the meaning of being happy with who you are, and to be grateful for the things you have in your life. Throughout the short story, we are shown how unhappy the main protagonist Mathilde is constantly in her daily life. Even though she has everything that allows her to be comfortable, such as having a house servant and a husband who supports her, she is dissatisfied with her status and wealth. Mathilde is unappreciativeRead MoreThe Necklace Short Story1142 Words   |  5 PagesLiving in a dream The short story The Necklace was written by a French writer named Guy de Maupassant. This story takes place in the late 1880s in France. In this time, there wasn’t any such thing as middle class, only the rich and the poor. The women married young and mated with whomever that appeared to be in their social class and stayed at home while the men worked and provide. The necklace was a symbolism of something that was considered priceless and caused this family to sacrifice theirRead MoreThe Necklace Short Story762 Words   |  4 PagesA Brief Summary of â€Å"The Necklace† In the story â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, lives a young lady named Madame Loisel who lives an unhappy existence. Her husband tries to lift her depressed spirits by obtaining an invitation to the most luxurious of balls. She remains discouraged about going because she feels she does not have the right dress and believes her wardrobe is not fancy enough, so she insists that she cannot go. Her husband gives her enough money to buy a beautiful dress. Still unhappyRead MoreThe Necklace And The Bet Short Story867 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever read an intense short story? Well both â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"The Bet† are the most intense short stories ever. Both authors from both passages explain the dialogue by discovering new aspects of the passages. In â€Å"The Necklace† written by Guy de Maupassant (1884), is about how a character called Mathilde that loses one of her friends necklace, that was a fake, and spends the next 10 years paying it off. On the other hand â€Å"The Bet† written by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1889) is about aRead MoreThe Necklace Short Story Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagescharacters through their similarities and their differences. In the short stories â€Å"The Necklace,† written by Guy de Maupassant, and â€Å"The Gift of the Magi,† written by O’Henry, readers can find many differences and similarities between their main characters. Della is the protagonist of the short story, â€Å"The Gift of the Magi.† Madame Loisel, also known as Mathilde, is the protagonist of the short story â€Å"The Necklace.† Both of these stories take place in past times and occur to poverty-stricken familiesRead MoreMadame Forestier And The Necklace Short Story978 Words   |  4 PagesMadame Liosel was furious at this statement. â€Å"Me and my husband have lived in poverty and work so hard to replace your necklace and you are saying yours was a fake?† Madame Forestier with her deepest sorrow said â€Å"yes†. Madame Liosel got so mad she graded the vase next to her and whacked Madame Forestier in the head. Madame Forestier was out cold, Madame Liosel not sure what to do stole a new set of clothes and all the jewelry she possibly carry. Madame Liosel took a cab to the jeweler where sheRead MoreGuy De Maupassant The Necklace. In The Short Story By Guy1113 Words   |  5 Pages Guy De Maupassant The Necklace In the short story by   Guy de Maupassant The Necklace A young beautiful maiden longing for the finer things in life becomes her greatest downfall. Whereas losing everything can make you bitter., greediness can sometimes lead forced humbleness.    The author of the story introduces us to Mathilde. She is the focus of the story. Noted for her beauty, she often dreamt as many do of being born in the wrong family. The setting of the story tells us that this fair maidenRead MoreAn Ironic, Witty Short Story by Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace1023 Words   |  5 PagesGuy de Maupassant is considered to be one of the fathers of short stories, he is a French author who lived in the 19th century. Born in 1850 at the Chateau de Miromesnil in France, to a lone literary mother who passed on her passion for books to Guy. The author’s writing style is characterized by economy of style, brilliant irony and elegant denouement. Maupassant wrote over 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and a volume of verse. Maupassant incorporated genres such as realism andRead MoreTwo Great Short Stories Read by Many are A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and The Necklace by Guy De Maupassan583 Words   |  3 PagesTwo of the great est short stories written back in late 19th and early 20th centuries are still read by many people. The two stories are â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner and Guy De Maupassant’s â€Å"The Necklace†. Faulkner’s book is about a woman named Emily Grierson’s life and her horrible secret she hides. The other book is about a materialistic woman named Mathilde Loisel loses a fake necklace and find out to be a fake one after ten years later. Although these stories are written about

Huckleberry Finn Ending Controversy Free Essays

Mark Twain is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the history of the United States, having spun many memorable and iconic tales in his own creative and unique style. Held high in this position as a great â€Å"American† novelist, Twain flirted with the creation of a universal masterpiece in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However, critics disagree on whether or not Twain’s work with Huckleberry Finn truly reaches the stature of a masterpiece, and that disagreement stems from the course the author chose for his conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Huckleberry Finn Ending Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now T. S Eliot finds Twain’s ending to be true to his style and the rest of the novel. Leo Marx finds that the ending abandons the apparent goals of the novel, leaving the work short of excellence. Twain ventured into the arena of greatness by combining two timelessly classic elements, and casting them as the central â€Å"characters† of his work. According to Eliot, Twain uses the â€Å"character† of the Mississippi River to relate to all nature, and he uses the title character of Huckleberry Finn to relate to the boy of mankind. Twain uses the former to guide the story and the latter to experience it. He engages the reader with his signature, easily accessed narrative and builds a strong foundation from these two universal elements. The only real question is the payoff; can the strength of the beginning be carried through to the end? This is where debate ensues, for Twain seemingly departs from the path he has laid throughout the novel to bring the story to resolution in a manner consistent with Twain’s writing, but not so much with the established course of this novel. Critics, such as T. S. Eliot, see the story’s ending, filled with the game-like attempts of the Tom Sawyer to free Jim, as a way to bring the reader back to the feelings of the beginning of the novel. It is a position with which I cannot disagree more. Instead, it is the view of Leo Marx that I see as the best dissection of the ending of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one filled with flaws, significant enough that they â€Å"jeopardize the significance of the entire novel. † (Marx 291) Marx points out that the beginning of Huck’s journey with Jim has one specific goal, the goal to get Jim to freedom. This is made clear when Huck discovers the Duke and the Dauphin have sold Jim, causing Huck to say: After all this long journey . . . here was it all come to nothing, everything all busted up and ruined, because they could have the heart to erve Jim such a trick as that, and make him a slave again all his life, and amongst strangers, too, for forty dirty dollars. (199) Marx states â€Å"Huck knows that the journey will have been a failure unless it takes Jim to freedom. (294) However, at the end of the book we discover through Tom that Jim is already free. The impact of this revelation threatens the entire purpose o f the journey, and diminishes the events along the way. Possibly the most disappointing aspect of the ending is Tom’s plan to free Jim from the barn. Filled with humor and games, the freeing of Huck’s close friend is made into a joke. This comes after the fact that (1), Huck has made his journey down the river a quest for Jim’s freedom, and (2), Huck’s â€Å"growth in stature† (as characterized by Marx, p. 296) has elevated the tone of the story beyond farce. Two of the most prominent examples of this growth — Huck’s decision to â€Å"go to hell† rather than let Jim be sold back into slavery, and his sorrow felt for the Duke and Dauphin while seeing them run out of town, tarred and feathered, by the angry townsfolk – are trivialized for the sake of a few laughs at the end. We believe that we have experienced a metamorphosis of Huck. Starting as a naive and ignorant child, skeptical about the ways of society, we are lead to believe that Huck finally has a grasp on what it means to be human, as well as a â€Å"mature blending of his instinctive suspicion of human motives with his capacity for pity. † (Marx 295) Huck’s participation in Tom’s scheme not only sacrifices the character growth that seemed a central theme of Twain’s story to that point, but also seems to represent a mishandling of the conflict identified by Marx the difference between â€Å"what people do when they behave as individuals and what they do when forced into roles imposed upon them by society. (Marx 300) Huck is well aware of his goal: freedom for Jim. The relapse of his character without equal awareness is inexplicable without explanation from the author. As Marx points out: The conflict between what people think they stand for and what social pressure forces them to do is central to the novel. It is present to t he mind of Huck and, indeed, accounts for his most serious inner conflicts. He knows how he feels about Jim, but he knows what he is expected to do about Jim. 300) The idea of freedom in the minds of Huck and Jim are different from the simple definition of freedom, â€Å"for freedom in this book specifically means freedom from society and its imperatives† according to Marx (p. 303) The freedom sought by Huck and Jim is freedom both in the literal sense of being free from slavery, and in the figurative sense of being free from society’s expectations. However, given Huck’s questionable decision to go along with Tom, Huck gives into social pressure once again. He has given in to they ways which we were lead to believe he had overcome; he has given into the one convention he set out to escape from in the first place. It is with the appearance of Tom, that Huck’s quest for freedom no longer seems so important, even though he was previously willing to â€Å"go to hell† for what he had so diligently fought for along the way. The idea, the goal, is devalued for no clear reason. Such a departure of character cannot go simply unaddressed by the author. With Huck shifting back into the childish role we observed in the beginning of the novel, we also see yet another character simultaneously regressing, Jim. The tedious, degrading actions of the boys, in an effort to free Jim, are at first noted by Jim as such. However, he quickly becomes inexplicably submissive and accepting of what the boys are doing to him. This bears no resemblance to the Jim presented to the reader when the two companions were on the river. Twice Huck plays practical jokes on Jim, and twice Jim calls him out as being disrespectful, hurtful, and inconsiderate. And now, with freedom ever so close, the reader is expected accept that Jim’s passion for freedom and intolerance of nonsense has too vanished along with the maturity of Huck. Exactly how Twain expects this to be believable by the readers is questionable, unfortunately an answer is never offered. Instead, Twain seemingly dismisses the growth of his protagonists and resorts to the easy western comedy style from earlier in the novel. In the view of Eliot, this return to the introductory feel of the novel is a perfect example of great literary form. Instead, this return is nothing more than the apparent defeat of our seemingly maturing protagonist. Eliot’s argument that this return is of great form causes Marx to note in rebuttal, â€Å"A unified work must surely manifest coherence of meaning and clear development of theme,† and this regression of character fails to do either. With the ending of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn being so clearly chronicled by Marx as a failure to complete the initiated theme, it is left only to see Eliot’s argument for the greatness of the ending as an argument refuted. As clear as Marx’s chronicle, it is equally clear that â€Å"Huck Finn’s besetting problem [is] the disparity between his best impulses and the behavior the community attempted to impose upon him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Marx 304). It is this disparity that needs resolution in order to have a proper ending to Huckleberry Finn. It is the transformation of the character, Huck Finn, through progression, not regression that would make the book a pure work of excellence. How to cite Huckleberry Finn Ending Controversy, Papers

Accounting Accounting for Business Decisions

Question 1: (a)Provide an executive summary of your companys background relating to business structure, operations, services and all other business activities that are conducted, etc. (b)Use the annual report for the year ending 30 June 2014. Your group will need to review the major sections of this report in order to familiarize yourselves with the content of each of the financial statements and appropriate notes to the financial statements. Review the balance sheet of the company and indicate the amount of the following: a) Total current assets b) Total non-current assets c) Total current liabilities d) Total non-current liabilities e) Total stockholders equity Compare the above figures with the previous year and compute the percentage increase or decrease and comment on the comparative financial condition of the company.(c) Review the income statement and indicate the following: a) Total (operating) revenues b) Cost of Goods Sold (if relevant) c) Total expenses (before income taxes) d) Any non-operating (or extraordinary) gains and losses e) Earnings per common share Compare the above figures with the previous year and compute the percentage increase or decrease and comment on the comparative financial operation of the company. (d) Review the statement of cash flows for the most recent year and indicate the following: a) net cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities b) net cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities c) net cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities d) net increase (decrease) in cash during the year Analyse the Cash Flow Statements for the last 2 years and comment on the cash position of the company. (e) Review the stockholders' equity section in your chosen company's most recent year-end balance sheet and compare that with the previous year-end balance sheet. Compare percentage increase or decrease. List the stockholders' equity account balances and number of outstanding shares from these two balance sheets and compute the increase or decrease for each during this past year. Question 2: Recently you received the following offers from the organizers of Melbourne Tennis Open 2015: Now you can buy premium tickets to the coming Melbourne Tennis Open 2015 with signatures of your choice of popular tennis players like Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer to name a few. However, there are only 3,000 tickets that have these collectible features. i Retail price: $300 each ii Tennis club members: $280 each iii To order, complete the online order form @ www.MTO2015.com.au. iv Allow 5 days for delivery 1. Describe the alternatives the organisers have in relation to recognizing revenues. Which would you recommend and why? 2. Would your answer differ if you included in the sale of the tickets that if the customers are not happy the tickets may be returned within one month? 3. Let us assume that the organisers contracted a selling agent that takes care of all selling and marketing responsibilities, gets 10% as commission. The policy states that no return no exchange. When should the organisers recognize revenue? 4. With regards to the authenticity of the signatures, do you think the accounting profession have the skills to provide the services to authenticate? Discuss and show examples. 5. Discuss the importance of Cost of Goods Sold(COGS) in this case. How is it applied? 6. Let us say that the signatories will get a fixed fee for the effort, when would the organisers recognize the expense? 7. Assume that the signatories will get a 5% commission on the sales of their signed tickets. When would the organisers recognize the cost? Answer 1: (a) Myer Holdings has been operational for over more than a 100 years, and belongs to the fashion, lifestyle and clothing industry. With time, it has come out to be Australias largest departmental store along with an exponentially capturing online market (Myer, 2014). The gross sales for the financial year ending 2014 is said to be close to a $3 billion mark, which itself reflects the kind of market hold Myer has in Australia. As of now, there is over 68 departmental stores pan Australia, which is only going to be increasing in the coming times. The technological revolution had also forced Myer to expand itself in the digital market and therefore Myer has come up with a digital online market space as well facilitating through mobile applications. Thus, the existence of a multi-channel connect with customers empower them with a broader market segment, also catering to the diversified interests of the customers. Myer Holdings Limited has a total of 11 core products which are womenswear; menswear; youth; childrenswear; intimate apparel; beauty, fragrance and cosmetics; home products; electronics; footwear and accessories; toy lines; and lastly, general merchandise. The company has operations in multiple facilities and has suppliers from across the globe. (b) All the amounts mentioned below are in thousands of dollars, represented by $(1,000). 1. The total current assets for the period of 2014 would be $480,460. Now, the total current assets for 2013 were $479,176. It has presently increased by $(480,460 479,176) = $1,284. It reflects an increase of 0.267%, a very insignificant increase in the total current assets. 2. The total non-current assets for the period of 2014 would be $1,452,204. Now, the total non-current assets for 2013 were $1,460,529. It has decreased by $(1,460,529 1,452,204) = $8,325. It reflects a decrease of 0.569%, which is relatively insignificant. 3. The total current liabilities for the period of 2014 would be $530,881. Now, the total current liabilities for 2013 were $528,658. It has increased by $(530,881-528,658) = $2,223. It reflects an increase of 0.42%. 4. The total non-current liabilities for the period of 2014 would be $508,370. Now, the total non-current liabilities for 2014 were $505,405. It has increased by $(508,370 505,405) = $2,965. It reflects an increase by 0.586%. 5. The computation formulae for calculating stockholders equity is the balance of total liabilities being deducted from total assets (Keythman, 2014). The total assets are current assets + non-current assets = $1,932,664. The total liabilities would be current liabilities + non-current liabilities = $1,039,251.The total stockholders equity for the period of 2014 would be $(1,932,664 1,039,251) = $893,413. Now, the stockholders equity for 2013 would be total assets minus total liabilities, $(1,939,705 1,034,063) = $905,642. Therefore there is reduced shareholders equity at the moment by $12,229. This means that the total stocks owned by the stockholders of the company have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 1.35%. (c) All the amounts mentioned below are in thousands of dollars, represented by $(1,000). 1. Total operating revenues The revenue from sale of goods were $2,612,167 and other operating revenues were $128,769. Therefore the total operating revenue for 2014 was $(2,612,167 + 128,769) = $2,740,936. Likewise, for 2013, the total revenue from sale of goods was $2,621,242 and other operating revenues were $126,293. Therefore, the total operating revenue for 2013 was $2,747,535. There has been a decrease in the operating revenue by $(2,747,535 2,740,936) = $6,599, indicating a 0.24% decrease. 2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) The COGS for 2014 comes out to be $1,455,066. Now, the COGS for the year 2013 was $1,443,005, indicating an increase in the current COGS amount by $(1,455,066 1,443,005) = $12,061. This reflects an increase by 0.835%. 3. Total expenses (before income tax) The Selling expenses for the current year are $811,718 whereas the administration expenses come out to be $320,204. Thus, total expenses are $1,131,922. Likewise, for the year 2013, the total expenses would be $(783,800 + 306,338) = $1,090,138. On comparison, we figure out that the total expenses in 2014 have increased by $(1,131,922 1,090,138) = $41,784. This would indicate an increase in expenses by 3.832%. The sudden increase in costs must stand out to be justified. 4. Any non-operating (or extraordinary) gains and losses An amount of $6,356 was earned in the year 2014 from other sources, as compared to an amount of $457 in 2013. This marks a huge increase of $5,899, equivalent to an increase of 1,290% which is a significant amount of increase in income from other sources (Myer, 2014). All the amounts mentioned below are as stated 5. Earnings per common share The earnings per share can be segregated into two different categories, viz., basic earnings and diluted earnings. The basic earnings of 16.8 cents/share and diluted earnings of 16.6 cents/share was generated in 2014, a gross total of 33.4 cents/share. Comparing this with the 2013 earnings per common share, it was 21.8 and 21.6 cents respectively, a gross total of 43.4 cents. This is a decrease in earnings per share, equivalent to (43.4 33.4) cent = 10 cent per share. (d) All the amounts mentioned below are in thousands of dollars, represented by $(1,000). 1. The net cash inflow from operating activities in the year 2014 was $191,576. In the year 2012, the net cash inflow from operating activities was $179,194 and the same in the year 2013 was $225,525. Thus, we notice that the operational success increased in 2013, but however, it went little low as compared to 2013, in the financial year ending 2014. 2. The net cash outflow from investing activities in the year was $104,250. In the year 2012, the net cash outflow from investing activities was $46,409 and the same in the year 2013 was $66,956. Thus, there is an increasing trend in the investing patterns of the company. 3. The net cash outflow from financing activities in the year was $95,232. The year 2012 witnessed the financing activities to be at the level of $132,721 whereas in 2013, it was close to $115,157. Thus, there is a decreasing trend in the outflow of financing activities for Myer and this implies that the company is beginning to give fewer dividends per share to the stakeholders of the company. 4. The net decrease in cash flow for the entire year came to be $7,906 In the year there was a positive net cash inflow of $784 and in the year, the same was $43,412. An exponential increase in the cash inflow was witnessed from 2012 to 2013, and finally, there was a negative cash inflow in the year 2014, as compared to 2013 (e) All the amounts mentioned below are in thousands of dollars, represented by $(1,000). The computation formulae for calculating stockholders equity is the balance of total liabilities being deducted from total assets (Keythman, 2014). The total assets are current assets + non-current assets = $1,932,664. The total liabilities would be current liabilities + non-current liabilities = $1,039,251.The total stockholders equity for the period of 2014 would be $(1,932,664 1,039,251) = $893,413. Now, the stockholders equity for 2013 would be total assets minus total liabilities, $(1,939,705 1,034,063) = $905,642. Therefore there is reduced shareholders equity at the moment by $12,229. This means that the total stocks owned by the stockholders of the company have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 1.35%. The stockholders equity for the year 2013 was $905,642, whereas the same amount was at the level of $893,413 in the year 2014. Thus, we notice that there has been a decrease of $(905,642 893,413) = $12,229 in the balance of the shareholders equity. This reflects a decrease of 1.35%. Answer 2: Case Study The organizers of Melbourne Tennis Open 2015 have planned a way to monetize and generate maximum revenue from the event. The plan is to sell premium tickets to people with the signatures of tennis stars like Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer. The stipulation being there are a limited number of tickets carrying these collectible features? Also, the tennis club members get an additional $20 discount on the purchase of a single ticket. Needless to say, the tickets are limited and the fans lining up to buy them will be large in number. For the process to be fair and simple, and just too, the buyers have to fill the form online and the first or probably lucky 3,000 will get these tickets at the aforementioned price. The idea is to monetize the sales to a maximum extent and also generate revenue from the Melbourne Tennis Open 2015 1. Alternatives the organizers have in relation to recognizing revenues. Apart from the said collectible features, the organizers can plan on taking the following steps for recognizing revenues: (a) Selling the offer tickets on a first come, first serve basis at a preferentially increased rate would lead to more revenue recognition by the organizers. (b) Selling the offer tickets at premium rates when the last bunch of tickets is left. (c) Calculating the cost of all the offer tickets and the ascertained cost should be given to a single ticket having either Nadal or Feeders signature (or both) and putting it up for auction. I would go for option c) as it will attract the highest number of bidders and undoubtedly the sold bid will be at much higher prices than was expected originally from the normal course of sale of the 3,000 tickets. 2. Had the tickets been carrying the option of getting a return within a month, if the customer is not happy from them, my answer would indeed differ as with the given option, the turnout to buy these tickets would be more and thus the sale would be a huge success amongst the masses. On the other hand, a possibility could also arise when a minor of the masses would think that as the tickets are carrying the option of getting a return within a month, the tickets might not be genuine, unauthenticated or out of the whole lot of the 3,000 tickets only a small number would be genuine and the rest may be counterfeit ones. Also, some people would also buy tickets but when the one month is getting close to an end, they would ask the organizers to refund their tickets as they found themselves quite unhappy from the tickets and would thus ask for a refund. In either of the above case, the number of people turning out to buy the tickets would be less than as estimated and this would have a negative or decline in the number of tickets being sold, which would in turn decrease the amount of revenue being generated from the sale of the offered tickets. Overall, if the tickets had been carrying the option of getting a return within a month, my answer would have a slide either to an increase or decrease in revenue on the tickets being sold, but the answer would for sure not be the same had the stipulation not been added to the existing question. 3. If the organizers contracted a selling agent, the organizers would recognize revenue when even after giving the agents commission, the organizers are getting their expected outcome on the sale irrespective of the number of tickets being sold. This would be because as all the selling and marketing responsibilities are being borne by the agent, the same cost had it been incurred by the organizers they would amount to be even higher than expected but in this case only a fixed amount (here 10% commission) is being given and all the selling and marketing expenses are being covered in the same. This is completely parallel with the idea of putting up an Initial Public Offer wherein a stabilization agent is appointed in order to take care of the response rate of the purchase of shares at the time of the IPO (Kuhn, 2014). 4. According to me, in the accounting profession, there are mannerisms to verify and authenticate the validity of the signs put on the premium tickets of any sports event sold to customers or audience attending the same. This can be put in because the verification of these premium tickets will ensure the legality of the product being sold and the transaction being entered into between the organizers of the sports event and the customers purchasing the ticket. I could perhaps state the example of banks verifying the signatures of the cash withdrawers drawn on cheques, so as to ensure that the right concerned person is withdrawing these monies. 5. The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) plays an important role in the said situation as the company has to consider the gross COGS while deciding the $280 and $300 price rates of the tickets for the tennis club members and other people respectively. The considerations put herein must be in regard with the amount of different headers which the organizers must have incurred in the normal course of business operations of availing the tickets to the customers and the prospective buyers (Baskerville, 2011). The various items which are put into the calculation of the COGS are equally relevant to the inclusion of expense heads like cost of getting the tickets printed, advertising costs, marketing costs, labour involved, commission charges and the sales agents costs. Also, it must be stated that in order to calculate the Gross Profit, calculation of COGS is extremely important. COGS (also Cost of Sales) is applied when we add together our Opening Inventories and Purchases and lessen the Closing Inventories from the same. In Short, Cost of Goods Sold = Operating Inventories + Purchases Closing Inventories 6. If the signatories are getting fixed fees for their efforts, the organizers will recognize expense right after the signatories have finished conducting their tasks. It is so because these tasks are not related with the criteria of tickets being sold, and hence will be recorded right at the time of these expenses being incurred. This would be because no matter the cost of the tickets, how much it amounts to, the organizers have to give the fixed amount to the signatories, irrespective of the tickets being sold. The above answer is as per my judgement. 7. If the signatories get a 5% commission on the sales of the signed tickets, the organizers would realize revenue when after the sale of tickets, and the 5% being charged on the sale of tickets, the remaining amount being realized by the organizers would be treated as revenue for the same. The signatories are entitled to a fixed commission (here 5%), based on the aspect of these tickets being sold since the commission will be variable depending on the number of tickets sold. For instance, if Nadals 500 tickets are sold, the signatory would be entitled to an amount of $300 x 5% x 500 tickets = $7,500. The previous calculations were made on the assumption that the tickets were bought by the general public. References AccountingWeb. (2008, February 7). Baseball tickets: Touch all the tax bases. ASX. (2014).Preliminary final report of Myer holdings limited. Bajkowski, J (1999, January). Financial Statement Analysis: A look at the balance sheet. Baskerville, P. (2011). What is cost of goods sold (COGS)? Day, JW. (2014). Theme: Cost of goods sold. Kuhn, T. (2014, September 4). Alibaba Group Holding has appointed Golden Sachs as its stabilization agent for its upcoming initial public offer. Myer Holdings Limited. (2012).Preliminary final report for the period ended 28 July 2012. Myer Holdings Limited. (2014).Company profile. Zions Bank. (2014). How to prepare and analyze a balance sheet?